Algeria

Among the 387 plant species found solely in Algeria are the Saharan Cypress from the Tamrit Plateau (Afrika Online) and the Algerian Fir (ARKive). Otocarpus virgatus (sometimes placed in Rapistrum) is an endemic genus of Cruciferae (JSTOR). Additional plants unique to Algeria include an ornamental succulent Sedum multiceps (Sedumphotos), a rock rose Helianthemum geniorum (Sahara-Nature), a barrenwort Epimedium perralderianum (Henriette's Herbal), a sage Salvia balansae (JSTOR), a thistle Centaurea ferox (flickr), a campion Silene cirtensis (JSTOR), a fumitory Fumaria normanii (JSTOR), a spurge Euphorbia hieroglyphica (MNHN), Pulicaria filaginoides (JSTOR), an ironwort Sideritis maura (JSTOR), a hawksbeard Crepis claryi (JSTOR), Epilobium numidicum (JSTOR), and a hawkweed Hieracium peyerimhoffii (JSTOR).

Endemic mammals include the Algerian Gerbil (Mammal Species of the World), Seurat’s Spiny Mouse (ZooChat), and the extinct Red Gazelle (Andrew Isles Bookshop) known by only three specimens. 

The Algerian Nuthatch (Nouara) occurs at only four locations. 

Reptiles restricted to Algeria include Savigny's Fringe-fingered Lizard (lacerta.de), Bedriaga’s Fringe-fingered Lizard (BHL) and the critically endangered Doumergue’s Fringe-fingered Lizard (IUCN Red List). 

The Edough Peninsula Ribbed Newt Pleurodeles poireti (AmphibiaWeb) is known only from the Edough Peninsula (the newts from Tunisia and the rest of Algeria are now placed in the separate species Pleurodeles nebulosus). 

Freshwater fish unique to Algeria include a barb Barbus leptopogon (FishBase) and two killifish: Aphanius apodus (killi.co.uk) and the recently described Aphanius saourensis (IUCN Red List).

Endemic bugs include the planthopper Philybella brevispina (AMNH) from the Hoggar Mountains and the leafhoppers Chlorita plamista (AMNH) and Chlorita pasiasta (AMNH). Other insects known only from Algeria include a butterfly Iberochloe pechi (euroleps.ch), a damselfly Lestes numidicus (IUCN Red List), an ant Monomorium noualhieri (ARKive), a midge Hydrobaenus olfa (Zootaxa pdf file), a flower beetle Aleurostictus baborensis (p. 3 of insecte.org pdf file), a ground beetle Orthomus achilles (p. 23 of landesmuseum.at pdf file), a rove beetle Micrillus subterraneus (p. 27 of naturkundemuseum-bw.de pdf file), a weevil Acalles gracilipes (curci.de), and the leaf beetles Phyllotreta basalis (Chrysomelidae of Europe) and Chrysolina tortipennis (Chrysomelidae of Europe). Other endemic invertebrates include a cave-dwelling millipede Glomeris troglokabyliana (ZooKeys), an endemic genus of scorpion Pseudolissothus (p. 5 of MNHN pdf file), the land snails Ferussacia oranensis (fig. 3 at Google Books) and Rupestrella brondeli (fig. 4 at Google Books), several species of freshwater snails of the genera Pseudamnicola and Mercuria (malaco.de pdf file), and an earthworm Prosellodrilus doumandjii (Tropical Zoology pdf file).

The coastal regions of Algeria fall within the Mediterranean Basin biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots). Important ecoregions for endemic species include the Mediterranean Woodlands and Forests (EoE) and the Mediterranean Conifer and Mixed Forests (EoE).