Bahamas

Several birds are found only in the Bahamas including the Bahama Yellowthroat (Wikipedia), the Bahama Swallow (Neotropical Birds), and an extinct hummingbird, Brace’s Emerald (UNM elibrary pdf file). The Bahama Nuthatch (Ecostudies Institute) has recently been proposed as a species distinct from the Brown-headed Nuthatch, the Bahama Warbler (Caribbean Birding Trail) was recently split from the Yellow-throated Warbler, and the Bahama Oriole (Birdlife Int'l) has recently been recognized as a distinct species as well. The Bahama Parrot (Friends of the Environment) is a high profile endemic subspecies of conservation concern.

The nation's unique mammals are the Bahamian Lesser Funnel-eared Bat (p.4 of Gerace Research Centre pdf file) and a large rodent, the Bahamian Hutia (WWF). 

An amphibian restricted to the islands is the Bahamas Flathead Frog Eleutherodactylus rogersi (Caribherp).

Snakes known solely from the Bahamas include the Abaco Island Boa Epicrates exsul (Wikipedia), the Bahamian Threadsnake Epictia columbi (Caribherp), and the Bahaman Dwarf Boa Tropidophis canus and Bahaman Brown Racer Alsophis vudii (both at Bimini Biological Field Station). Among the endemic lizards are spectacular species such as the North Bahamian Rock Iguana (ARKive) and the San Salvador Iguana (ARKive). Additional lizards unique to the nation include the Plana Cay Curlytail Lizard Leiocephalus greenwayi (Caribherp), the Inagua Gecko Aristelliger barbouri (Caribherp), a dwarf gecko Sphaerodactylus corticola (William K. Hayes), and the Bahamian Green Anole Anolis smaragdinus (Caribherp).

The Bahama Pupfish Cyprinodon laciniatus is known only from lakes on New Providence (Michael Barton). The Blind Bahamian Cave Fish Lucifuga spelaeotes (cavebiology.com) is a threatened marine fish living only in caves with a second species, Lucifuga lucayana (Zootaxa pdf file), having been recently described. Three genera of marine fish have been found only in the Bahamas including the Lemon Goby Vomerogobius flavus (gobiidae.com), the Peppered Goby Pariah scotius (Google Books), and a a false moray eel Catesbya pseudomuraena (Google Books).

The Bahamas has 68 species of cave-dwelling invertebrates (cavebiology.com) including a basket shrimp Typhlatya kakuki (cavebiology.com), an amphipod Bahadzia williamsi (cavebiology.com), a remipede Speleonectes tanumekes (cavebiology.com), and a hirsutiid crustacean Thetispelecaris remex (crustacea.net). Above ground are such endemic invertebrates as Richmond's Skipper Choranthus richmondi (Butterflies of America), Carter's Skipper Atalopedes carteri (Butterflies of America), a rhinoceros beetle Cyclocephala dolichotarsa (p. 7 of Digital Commons pdf file), a jewel beetle Lampetis bahamica (Caribbean Insects), a flightless darkling beetle Branchus geraceorum (p.4 of Gerace Research Centre pdf file), a jumping shore beetle Mexico morrisoni (Digital Commons pdf file), a grasshopper Schistocerca magnifica (OSF), and a goblin spider Heteroonops andros (AMNH). The endemic land snails of the genus Cerion (Motygido) became famous as the study subject of the noted biologist Stephen Jay Gould.and the over 300 species found in the Bahamas include Cerion excelsior (Cerion) and Cerion rodrigoi (Cerion). Chicoreus dunni (Eddie Hardy) is a marine mollusc known only from Eleuthera. Endemic families include a sponge Calcifibrospongiidae (Sponge Guide) and a cave-dwelling shrimp Macromaxillocarididae (cavebiology.com pdf file).

The Bahamas have about 120 endemic species of plants including an agave Agave cacozela (Google Books), the orchids Encyclia withneri (IOPSE) and Encyclia fehlingii (IOPSE), a cactus Harrisia brookii (Miami Univ. pdf file), a cycad Zamia lucayana (ARKive), a guava Psidium androsianum (USF), Vanilla correllii (NYBG), Matelea correllii (Botanicus), a spurge Euphorbia brittonii (NYBG), Chiococca stricta (Internet Archive), Guettarda inaguensis (NYBG), Eupatorium correlliorum (JSTOR), Maytenus lucayana (JSTOR), Portulaca minuta (BHL), a mistletoe Phoradendron northropiae (NYBG), Erythroxylum reticulatum (Field Museum), Mosiera (or Eugenia) androsiana (NYBG), Dendropemon brevipes (JSTOR), Torulinium correllii (NYBG), and a legume Ateleia popenoei (JSTOR).

Most of the country is part of the Bahamian Dry Forests ecoregion (EoE) and is included in the Caribbean Islands biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots).