Bangladesh

The Black Softshell Turtle Aspideretes nigricans (ARKive) is found only in captivity at Bostami Pond in a shrine near Chittagong (New York Turtle and Tortoise Society). 

A new species of frog Fejervarya asmati (Sajid and the wild) was described in 2011 from Chittagong district. Another frog Fejervarya frithii (IUCN Red List) was described in 1868 and is known only from the type locality of Jessore.

Freshwater fish species unique to Bangladesh include a minnow Psilorhynchus rahmani (flickr), a chameleonfish Badis chittagongis known only from hill streams near Chittagong (FishBase), a recently described giant danio Devario anomalus (flickr), and three Asian hill-stream catfish: Nangra bucculenta (BHL), Nangra ornata (BHL), and the recently described Gogangra laevis (Dr. Friedrich Pfeil pdf file). Two recently described erethistid catfishes are Pseudolaguvia muricata (PlanetCatfish) and Pseudolaguvia inornata (p. 3 of Zootaxa pdf file).

Invertebrates known only from Bangladesh include a stick insect Medaura jobrensis (BioLib), a seed bug Dieuches ochromus (informaworld), and at least 18 species of spiders (p. 14 of Zoos' Print pdf file) including a wolf spider Pardosa royi (World Spider Catalog) and a jumping spider Plexippus wesolowski (Salticidae of the World).

Several species of vascular plants have been considered endemic to Bangladesh (see for example p. 21 of GPA 3 MB pdf file). Although some of these are also found in India or have been reduced to synonyms, a few species appear to be known solely from Bangladesh. These include Rotala simpliciuscula (JSTOR), Knema bengalensis (Nationaal Herbarium Nederland), Boesenbergia islamii (saudibiosoc.com pdf file), Mantisia salarkhanii (saudibiosoc.com pdf file), Periploca acuminata (JSTOR), Limnophila cana (IPNI), Gomphostemma salarkhaniana (Kew), Dehaasia rangamattiensis (IPNI), Leptochilus chittagongensis (IPNI), Pteris giasii (Tropicos), and Globba rahmanii (Indian Periodical).  The last wild Talipalm Corypha taliera (RelivEarth) occurred until recently on the Dhaka University campus, but the species survives from saplings from this tree and in additional plants in botanical gardens elsewhere.

Portions of Bangladesh are included in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots). Important ecoregions include the Sundarbans Freshwater Swamp Forests (EoE), the Sundarbans Mangroves (EoE), and the Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin Rain Forests (EoE).