Bermuda
The endangered Bermuda Petrel or Cahow (ARKive) was once thought extinct and breeds only in Bermuda. The Bermuda White-eyed Vireo Vireo griseus bermudianus (Bermuda Conservation) is an endemic subspecies.
The Bermuda Skink (ARKive)
is the sole reptile unique to the island.
Two species of freshwater fish are restricted to Bermuda: the Bermuda
Killifish Fundulus
bermudae (Bermuda Conservation)
and the Lover's Lake Killifish Fundulus
relictus (Bermuda Conservation).
Marine fish known only from Bermuda include the Bermuda
Anchovy
Anchoa choerostoma (p. 13 of FAO
pdf file), Bermuda
Halfbeak
Hemiramphus bermudensis (ingentaconnect pdf file), another halfbeak Hyporhamphus collettei (BioOne),
the
Bermuda Tilefish Caulolatilus bermudensis (eol), the Bank Bass Parasphyraenops
atrimanus (Smithsonian pdf file),
and
the Bermuda Bream Diplodus
bermudensis (Bermuda BREAM).
Bermuda has over 60 endemic cave invertebrates (CaveBiology.com)
including a shrimp Procaris
chacei (CaveBiology.com),
an
isopod Arubolana
aruboides (ARKive),
an
amphipod Pseudoniphargus
grandimanus (ARKive),
an endemic genus of opossum shrimp Bermudamysis speluncola (ARKive) and an endemic family of crustacean, the Mictocarididae (CaveBiology.com).
Above ground invertebrates found exclusively on Bermuda
include the extinct Bermuda Flightless Grasshopper Paroxya bermudensis
(OSF), the possibly extinct Bermuda Cicada Tibicen bermudiana (Bermuda Conservation),
a jumping spider Habronattus nesiotus (Salticidae of the World), a freshwater limpet Ancylus bermudensis (Bermuda Conservation), a freshwater clam Pisidium volutabundum (Google Books), and an endemic genus of land snail Poecilozonites (Bermuda Conservation).
Several families of marine creatures are known only from Bermuda
including a jaw worm Problognathia
minima (UvA)
and an echinoderm Calymne
relicta (NHM-London). Among the marine molluscs
unique to Bermuda are the spindle shells Fusinus
lightbourni (Internet Archive) and Bullockus guesti (Eddie Hardy), a sea slug Hypselodoris
zebra (Sea
Slug Forum), a murex Pterynotus lightbourni (eol), Turbonilla leuca (fig. 18 at Google Books), and a cone shell Conus lightbourni (Eddie
Hardy). A hermit crab Calcinus verrilli (Rodrigues Lab) is also endemic.
There are about a dozen species of vascular plants restricted to Bermuda.
The most seriously threatened is the Governor Laffan's
Fern Diplazium
laffanianum (Bermuda Conservation)
which is extinct in the wild, but survives in the Bermuda Botanical
Gardens. Other endemic plants include the Bermuda Cedar Juniperus bermudiana (Wikipedia), the Bermuda Palm Sabal
bermudana (ARKive),
the Bermuda Sedge Carex bermudiana (Bermuda Conservation), the Bermuda Pepper Peperomia septentrionalis (Bermuda Conservation), the Bermuda Spike Rush Eleocharis bermudiana
(NYBG),
the Bermuda Olivewood Cassine
laneana (Bermuda Conservation), the Bermudiana Sisyrinchium bermudiana
(flickr),
the Bermuda Bean Phaseolus
lignosus (Bermuda Conservation),
Darrell's Fleabane Erigeron
darrellianus (Bermuda Conservation),
the Bermuda Shield Fern Goniopteris
bermudiana (nefern),
and the Bermuda Maidenhair Fern Adiantum bellum (nefern).
Bermuda is an overseas territory of the United
Kingdom and comprises the Bermuda Subtropical Conifer Forests
ecoregion (EoE).
An overview of Bermuda's animals and plants can be found in
the Bermuda Biodiversity Country Study (biodiversityactionplan.bm
pdf file) and in the account by the JNCC (JNCC
pdf file).