Cambodia

Possibly already extinct, the Kouprey (ARKive) may still survive in Cambodia.  Harrison's Tube-nosed Bat Murina harrisoni (hunbat pdf file) was described in 2005 and Walston's Tube-nosed Bat Murina walstoni (CI) was described in 2011.

The Cambodian Laughingthrush Garrulax ferrarius (ARKive) has only recently been recognized as a species distinct from the more widespread White-necked Laughingthrush Garrulax strepitans.

Three species of frogs, the Aural Horned Frog Xenophrys (or Megophrys) auralensis and the Cardamom Bush Frog Philautus cardamonus (both at Wildlife Extra) and Rana faber (Raffles Museum pdf file), were described in 2002 from the Cardamom Mountains . A treefrog Chiromantis samkosensis (Species New to Science) from the Cardamoms was described in 2007, a mountain toad Ophryophryne synoria was described from Mondolkiri Province in 2006 (Field Museum pdf file), the Musical Asian Leaf Litter Toad Leptolalax melicus (Australian Museum) in 2010, and a horned frog Megophrys damrei (Species New to Science) from the Bokor Plateau in 2011.

The Tonle Sap Watersnake Enhydris longicauda (Field Museum) is heavily harvested as food for humans and farmed crocodiles. The Dalai Mountain Blind Lizard Dibamus dalaiensis (FFI) and a gecko Cnemaspis neangthyi (BBC) are known only from the Cardamoms.

A new genus of river herring Minyclupeoides dentibranchialus (Raffles Museum pdf file) was described in 2008 and a new genus of freshwater dragonet Tonlesapia tsukawakii (IEF pdf file) was described in 2006. Other fish species known solely from Cambodia include Betta stiktos (FishBase), the loaches Tuberoschistura cambodgiensis (eol) and Schistura diminuta (pfeil-verlag.de pdf file), a silurid catfish Pterocryptis bokorensis (eol), a hillstream catfish Glyptothorax coracinus (flickr), a bagrid catfish Hemibagrus spilopterus (p. 8 of Raffles Museum pdf file), and several the stream catfishes: Akysis fuliginatus (FLMNH), Akysis clinatus (p. 11 of Raffles Museum 5 MB pdf file), and Pseudobagarius filifer (FishBase).

Endemic invertebrates include a cicada Qurana ggoma (Florida Entomologist pdf file), a cricket Stonychophora khmerica (p. 12 of SpringerLink pdf file), a freshwater crab Somanniathelphusa lacuvita (AToL Decapoda pdf file), the land snails Opisthostoma supinum (Opisthostoma LifeDesk) and Amphidromus begini (figs. 28 & 29 at Google Books), and the centipedes Tygarrup triporus and Tygarrup crassignathus (both at Biologiezentrum pdf file).

Plants unique to Cambodia include the pitcher plants Nepenthes bokorensis (Wikipedia) and Nepenthes holdenii (Wildlife Extra), a ginger Globba graminifolia (NYBG), a cinnamon Cinnamomum elephantinum (MNHN), the orchids Liparis kiriromensis (JSTOR) and Peristylus subaphyllus (JSTOR), a grass Phacelurus cambogiensis (Kew), Aeschynanthus cambodiensis (JSTOR), a mint Platostoma becquerelii (JSTOR), and a sedge Carex cambodiensis (MNHN). A new genus of Cucurbitaceae Khmeriosicyos harmandii (IngentaConnect) was described in 2004.

Cambodia is included in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots). An important ecoregion for endemic species is the Cardamom Mountains Rain Forests (EoE). The Mekong River (MRC) has one of the world's richest freshwater faunas.