Cameroon

Birds found in Cameroon and nowhere else include Bannerman's Turaco (ARKive), the Mount Cameroon Francolin (BirdLife Int'l), the Mount Cameroon Speirops (African Bird Image Database), the Mount Kupe Bush-shrike (African Bird Club), Bates's Weaver (BirdLife Int'l), the Banded Wattle-eye (IBC), and the Bamenda Apalis (African Bird Image Database).

The False Potto (Wikipedia), taxonomically controversial, and the Mount Oku Rat (IUCN Red List) represent endemic genera of mammals. Other mammals unique to Cameroon include the Mount Oku Brush-furred Rat (SysTax), the Cameroon Climbing Mouse (IUCN Red List), the Rumpi Mouse Shrew (SysTax), and the Manenguba Shrew (SysTax). Preuss’s Red Colobus (ARKive) is a nearly endemic primate.

Reptiles known only from Cameroon include Pfeffer's Chameleon (flickr), the Mountain Chameleon (Chameleons!), the Cameroon Chameleon (fig. B on p. 6 of ZFMK pdf file), Chris Wild's Skink Lacertaspis (or Panaspis) chriswildi (Google Books), a skink Leptosiaphos koutoui (BioOne), the Two-scaled Gecko Cnemaspis dilepis (Google Books), the Cameroon Worm Lizard Cynisca schaeferi (Google Books), a tree snake Dipsadoboa underwoodi (SysTax), and the Southwest Cameroon Bush Viper Atheris subocularis (Species New to Science).

A rich endemic amphibian fauna includes the Alsco Long-fingered Frog Cardioglossa alsco (EDGE), a squeaker frog Arthroleptis perreti (Harvard pdf file), the Laurent's Night Frog Astylosternus laurenti (ARKive), the Redbelly Egg Frog Leptodactylodon erythrogaster (EDGE), the Bamboutos Smalltongue Toad Werneria bambutensis (AmphibiaWeb), the Lake Oku Clawed Frog Xenopus longipes (EDGE), the Bakossi Reed Frog Hyperolius dintelmanni (ARKive), Perret's Water Frog Petropedetes perreti (ARKive), and the Victoria Caecilian Herpele multiplicata (EDGE). The Mebebque Frog Arlequinus krebsi (AmphibiaWeb) and Mount Oku Caecilian Crotaphatrema lamottei (EDGE) represent endemic genera.

Fish unique to Cameroon include four genera of cichlids restricted to Lake Barombi Mbo: Konia (ARKive), Myaka (Ariel's Blackwater Tributary), Stomatepia (ARKive), and Pungu (IUCN Red List). Other genera endemic to Cameroon include another cichlid Etia nguti (Ariel's Blackwater Tributary), the Sanaga Pygmy Herring Thrattidion noctivagus (eol), and a bagrid catfish Platyglanis depierrei (ACSI). Additional fish species known only from Cameroon include an elephantfish Campylomormyrus phantasticus (ScienceDaily), a mouthbrooder Chromidotilapia linkei (Cichlid Room Companion), the Fissi Sarotherodon caroli (ARKive), a species flock of Tilapia from Lake Bermin (Botanicus) including Tilapia bythobathes (ARKive), a mochokid catfish Synodontis pardalis (PlanetCatfish), and many killifish such as Aphyosemion edeanum (Killifish of West Africa), Aphyosemion dargei (Killifish of West Africa), Epiplatys esekanus (Killifish of West Africa), and Fundulopanchax rubrolabialis (Killifish of West Africa).

Butterflies restricted to Cameroon include Papilio andronicus (CERCOPAN), Cymothoe alticola (Michel Libert), Euptera aurantiaca (Michel Libert), Mimacraea neavei (Michel Libert), Lepidochrysops phoebe (Michel Libert), Bicyclus amieti (Michel Libert), Bebearia jolyana (metafro) and Charaxes musakensis (BOLD). Other invertebrates unique to Cameroon include a goliath beetle Fornasinius aureosparsus (Beetles of Africa), a flower beetle Eudicella schultzeorum (BeetleSpace), a leaf beetle Macrocoma apicalis (Harvard), a longhorned beetle Anoeme vingerhoedti (Charaxes), an ant Plectroctena thaui (AntWeb), a jumping spider Hasarius cheliceroides (Salticidae of the World), an endemic genus of freshwater crab Louisea edeaensis (p. 4 of NMU pdf file), and a mussel Coelatura lobensis (MUSSELp).

Medusandra mpomiana (JSTOR) and Medusandra richardsiana (JSTOR) are the sole members of a plant family, the Medusandraceae, found exclusively in Cameroon. Other plant genera known only from Cameroon include an orchid Ossiculum (Orchids C Africa), Bafutia (JSTOR), Kupea (ARKive), and several riverweeds: Dicraeanthus (Podostemaceae), Winklerella (Green Connexion), and Djinga (Podostemaceae). Other endemic plant species include a red-hot poker Kniphofia reflexa (ARKive), Impatiens frithii (Kew pdf file), the Charrier Coffee Coffea charrieriana (IISE), the Mount Kupe Coffee Coffea montekupensis (Kew pdf file), Talbotiella velutina (Kew), Rhipidoglossum polydactylum (Orchids of C Africa), Habenaria batesii (Orchids of C Africa), Berlinia korupensis (Kew), Deinbollia unijuga (Korup Plants), Magnistipula multinervia (Kew), Eriocaulon parvulum (Kew), and the African Zebrawood Microberlinia bisulcata (ARKive).

Portions of Cameroon fall within the Guinean Forests of West Africa biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots). Among ecoregions rich in endemic species are the Mount Cameroon and Bioko Montane Forests (EoE), the Cameroonian Highlands Forest (EoE), and the Cross-Sanaga-Bioko Coastal Forests (EoE). Important freshwater ecoregions include the Western Equatorial Crater Lakes (FEOW) and the Southern Gulf of Guinea drainages (FEOW). An overview of Cameroon's biota can be found in its National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (CBD pdf file).