Canada

Mammals that occur only in Canada include the Vancouver Island Marmot (marmots.org), Richardson's Collared Lemming (Smithsonian), the Ungava Collared Lemming (Smithsonian), the Ogilvie Mountains Collared Lemming (Google Books) , the Gaspe Shrew (Smithsonian), and the recently recognized Maritime Shrew (IUCN Red List). Endemic subspecies include the Peary Caribou (ARKive) and the Wood Bison (SARA).

Two migratory birds breed solely within Canada: Ross’s Goose (Cornell) and Harris’s Sparrow (Cornell). The extinct Labrador Duck was also likely a breeding endemic (Naturalis).

Freshwater fishes unique to Canada include the Copper Redhorse (MRNF), the Vancouver Lamprey (FishBase), and the Atlantic Whitefish (ARKive). There are ten surviving, but officially undescribed, species of British Columbian sticklebacks (UBC). The Shortnose Cisco, probably now extinct, was once widespread in the Great Lakes and was last observed in Lake Huron's Georgian Bay (Fisheries & Oceans Canada). Marine fish known only from Canadian waters include the Newfoundland Eelpout (FishBase) and the Newfoundland Spiny Lumpsucker Eumicrotremus terraenovae (FishBase).

Endemic insects include the Short-tailed Swallowtail (CBIF), Johansen's Sulphur (Butterflies of America), the Maritime Ringlet (CBIF), the Maritime Copper (CBIF), a looper moth Xanthorhoe clarkeata (CBIF), a tiger moth Dodia tarandus (Wikispecies), the Muskeg Emerald (Univ. Puget Sound), the Yukon Grasshopper (BSC pdf file), a sweat bee Lasioglossum sablense (BOLD), an ant Myrmica quebecensis (ARKive), a ground beetle Bembidion balli (Univ. Alberta), a rove beetle Holobus vancouveri (BSC), and a leaf beetle Tricholochmaea sablensis (Atlantic Canada Coleoptera). Other endemic invertebrates include the Haida Gwaii Slug Staala gwaii (Parks Canada), the Banff Springs Snail (Parks Canada) and the Lake Winnipeg Physa Snail (SARA). A family of entoproct or goblin worm, the Loxokalypodidae, has been collected only once in the Pacific near Vancouver and includes the sole species Loxokalypus socialis (SpringerLink).

Vascular plants known only from Canada include the Ogilvie Mountains Springbeauty Claytonia ogilviensis (Alaska Natural Heritage Program pdf file), Fernald’s Braya Braya fernaldii (SARA), Newcombe's Butterweed Sinosenecio newcombei (E-Flora BC), the Yukon Whitlow-grass Draba yukonensis (yourYukon), Savile’s False Rue-anemone Enemion savilei (FNA), the Barrens Willow Salix jejuna (SARA), Allen’s Buttercup Ranunculus allenii (nswildflora.ca), Macoun's Meadowfoam Limnanthes macounii (GOERT pdf file), the Gulf of St. Lawrence Aster Symphyotrichum laurentianum (SARA), Kwakiutl's Holly Fern Polystichum kwakiutlii (UBC Herbarium), and the Island Gentian Gentianopsis nesophila (Naomi Smith). Pseudoditrichum mirabile (BFNA) is the sole member of an endemic family of moss, the Pseudoditrichaceae, known only from Great Bear Lake.

A map showing the diversity of endemic plant species is at (Atlas of Canada). Among the areas especially important for endemic plants in Canada is the Athabasca Sand Dunes (Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan). A list of threatened Canadian endemic species appears in "Our Home and Native Land" (p. 42 of NatureServe pdf file).