Cuba

Mammals unique to Cuba include the Cuban Solenodon (EDGE), the Little Goblin Bat (ARKive), the Cuban Red Bat Lasiurus insularis (p. 6 of RELCOM 8 MB pdf file), and the Cuban Greater Funnel-eared Bat Natalus primus (p. 9 of RELCOM pdf file). Representing three endemic genera of large rodents are the Prehensile-tailed Hutia Mysateles (Animal Diversity Web), the Cuban Hutia Capromys (Cuba Naturaleza), and the Ana Maria (or Cabrera’s) Hutia Mesocapromys (ZGAP).

The Bee Hummingbird (ARKive) is the world's smallest bird. Endemic bird genera are represented by the Zapata Rail (BirdLife Int'l), the Zapata Sparrow (MOU), the Zapata Wren (ARKive), the Blue-headed Quail-dove (Neotropical Birds), the Cuban Screech Owl (IBC), the Cuban Green Woodpecker (Arthur Grosset's Birds), and the Oriente Warbler (Arthur Grosset's Birds). Other birds unique to Cuba include the Cuban Finch (Culture Quest), Fernandina’s Flicker (ARKive), the Cuban Nightjar (IBC), the Cuban Tody (Neotropical Birds), the Cuban Trogon (Cuba Naturaleza), the Cuban Parakeet (BirdLife Int'l), and Gundlach’s Hawk (Peregrine Fund).

Reptiles found only in Cuba include the Cuban Crocodile Crocodylus rhombifer (ARKive), the Cuban Boa Epicrates angulifer (Cuba Naturaleza), the Canasi Dwarf Boa Tropidophis celiae (Caribherp), the Oriente Brown-capped Racerlet Arrhyton landoi (Field Museum pdf file), the Cuban Croaking Gecko Aristelliger reyesi (Caribherp), the Cuban Night Lizard Cricosaura typica (Digimorph), and the Cuban Pale-necked Galliwasp Diploglossus delasagra (Caribherp). Among over 50 endemic anoles are the Knight Anole Anolis equestris (Smithsonian National Zoo), the Cuban Stream Anole Anolis vermiculatus (fotonaturaleza), and the Oriente Bearded Anole Anolis (or Chamaeleolis) porcus (Reptile Database). The worm lizards of the genus Cadea (Caribherp) are sometimes considered an endemic family, the Cadeidae.

Amphibians known exclusively from Cuba include the Cuban Pine Toad Bufo (or Peltophryne) cataulaciceps (ARKive), the Cuban Spotted Toad Bufo (or Peltophryne) taladai (ARKive), the Cuban Robber Frog Eleutherodactylus cubanus (Cuba Naturaleza), the Turquino Robber Frog Eleutherodactylus turquinensis (ARKive), the Cuban Giant Frog Eleutherodactylus zeus (ARKive), the Cuban Red-rumped Frog Eleutherodactylus acmonis (Caribherp), and the Orange Long-nosed Frog Eleutherodactylus jaumei (ARKive). The Monte Iberia Dwarf Frog Eleutherodactylus iberia (AmphibiaWeb) is one of the world's smallest frogs.

Freshwater fish that live solely in the rivers and streams of Cuba include the Cuban Gar Atractosteus tristoechus (Lepisosteidae.net), the Cuban Cavefish Lucifuga (p. 2 of El Acuarista pdf file), the Joturo Cichlasoma (or Nandopsis) ramsdeni (Cichlid Room Companion), the Barred Topminnow Quintana atrizona (FishBase), the Goldbelly Topminnow Girardinus falcatus (FishBase), the Cuban Killifish Cubanichthys cubensis (Cuba Naturaleza), the Black Metallic Livebearer Alepidomus evermanni (El Acuarista), and the Isle of Pines Rivulus Rivulus insulaepinorum (SAA). Recently described endemic marine fish include a basslet Gramma dejongi (FishBase) and a barnacle blenny Acanthemblemaria cubana (Solenodon pdf file).

Butterflies restricted to Cuba include Poey’s Black Swallowtail Papilio caiguanabus (Butterflies of America), Gundlach's Swallowtail Parides (Papilio) gundlachianus (Rufford), the Cuban Kite Eurytides celadon (Butterflies of America), Calisto occulta (Species-ID), and Greta cubana (flickr). Other endemic invertebrates include the Cuban Leafcutting Ant Atta insularis (es.wikipedia.org), a day flying moth Urania boisduvalii (NABA), a firefly Alecton discoidalis (Wikipedia), a longhorned beetle Lepturgotrichona (or Lepturges) cubaecola (Harvard), a caponiid spider Nops siboney (Field Museum), a tarantula Phormictopus auratus (theraphosidae.cz), a scorpion Alayotityus juraguaensis (Luis F. de Armas), and a freshwater snail Pomacea poeyana (Wikipedia). A spectacular landsnail fauna of over 1000 endemic species includes the Cuban Painted Tree Snail Polymita picta (jaxshells.org), Liguus blainianus (fotoaturaleza), the Cuban Porcupine Shell Blaesospira echinus (b-cabinet), and Cerion ceiba (Cerion).

Cuba has over 3000 plant species found nowhere else. Endemic genera include the palms Gastrococos (PACSOA) and Hemithrinax (ARKive), a cycad Microcycas (Cycad Pages), Siemensia (Plants of Viñales), Shafera (Picasa), Antillanthus (Picasa), Hebestigma (Plants of Viñales), Adenoa (Kew), Linodendron (p. 61 of Gijón 3 MB pdf file) Ceratopyxis (Plants of Viñales), Henleophytum (Malpighiaceae), and Ancistranthus (Plants of Viñales). Orchids unique to Cuba include Encyclia bocourtii (Cuba Naturaleza), Broughtonia ortgiesiana (orquideas-katia.com), Tolumnia guibertiana (IOPSE), and Tetramicra eulophiae (orquideas-katia.com). Other endemic species include the Cuban Pine Pinus cubensis (Wikipedia), the Dwarf Turk's Cap Cactus Melocactus matanzanus (desert-tropicals.com),  Dendrocereus nudiflorus (CactiGuide.com), Marcgravia evenia (National Geographic), and the Cuban Petticoat Palm Copernicia macroglossa (PACSOA).

Cuba is part of the Caribbean Islands biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots). Important terrestrial ecoregions include the Cuban Moist Forests (EoE), the Cuban Cactus Scrub (EoE), and the Cuban Pine Forests (EoE). A summary of Cuban endemism is at (Diversidad Biológica Cubana).