Egypt

Mammals found only in Egypt include the Egyptian Weasel (ARKive), the Pale Gerbil (ARKive), Flower’s Gerbil (IUCN Red List), and Flower's Shrew (IUCN Red List).

Reptiles unique to Egypt include the Mount Sinai Lizard Mesalina bahaeldini (lacerta.de), the Elba Gecko Hemidactylus foudaii (IUCN Red List), and the Bishari Dwarf Gecko Tropiocolotes bisharicus (Hippocampus). 

The Nile Valley Toad Amietophrynus kassasii (IUCN Red List) is an endemic amphibian.

Freshwater fish exclusive to Egypt include Oreochromis ismailiaensis (FishBase), Tilapia ismailiaensis (FishBase), and two recently discovered undescribed species of Haplochromis (Practical Fishkeeping and Practical Fishkeeping). Marine fish known only from Egyptian waters include a goby Trimma fishelsoni (eol), a pipefish Syngnathus macrophthalmus (FishBase), a jawfish Stalix davidsheni (Google Books), and a recently described blenny Entomacrodus solus (Practical Fishkeeping).

The Sinai Baton Blue Pseudophilotes sinaicus (leps.it) may be the world's smallest butterfly. Other endemic insects include the Sinai Hairstreak Satyrium jebelia (Egypt's Biodiversity), a grasshopper Sphodromerus atakanus (SysTax), an ant Tetramorium salwae (Ants of Egypt), the longhorned beetles Agapanthia fadli and Crossotomus tamer (both on p. 15 of SSNR pdf file), a rove beetle Micrillus aegyptiacus (p. 33 of naturkundemuseum-bw.de pdf file), a diving beetle Copelatus ibrahimi (p. 90 of EBBSoc 9 MB pdf file), and a skin beetle Thorictus munganasti (dermestidae.com). Additional endemic invertebrates include a centipede Asanada sinaitica (CHILOBASE), the freshwater snails Theodoxus niloticus (eol) and Gyraulus ehrenbergi (p. 3 of malaco.de pdf file), a freshwater mussel Chambardia letourneuxi (MUSSELp), and the scorpions Microbuthus flavorufus (CalPhotos) and Compsobuthus kabateki (František Kovarík). Two families of flatworms, the Ditremageniidae (Turbellarian Taxonomic Database) and the Opisthogeniidae (Turbellarian Taxonomic Database), are known only by single type specimens collected in the Suez Canal in 1924.

Egypt's 62 endemic species of vascular plants include Golden Wickweed Phlomis aurea (Egypt's Biodiversity), a primrose Primula boveana (Primula World), an oregano Origanum isthmicum (Flora of Israel), Ballota kaiseri (JSTOR), a cancerwort Kickxia macilenta (Flora of Israel), a catnip Nepeta septemcrenata (JSTOR), a campion Silene schimperiana (Zurich Herbarium), a cudweed Gnaphalium crispatulum (JSTOR), a saltbush Atriplex nilotica (JSTOR), a groundsel Senecio belbeysius (JSTOR), a fumitory Fumaria microstachys (JSTOR), and Tephrosia kassasii (JSTOR).

Portions of Egypt are included in the Mediterranean Basin biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots) and the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden coral reef hotspot (Reef Guardian pdf file). For more information on Egypt's natural history and ecosystems see (Egypt's Biodiversity).