Georgia
Among the 380
vascular plant species known only from Georgia are a birch Betula megrelica (GTC WM), a grape
hyacinth Muscari alpanicum (mobot),
Iris winogradowii
(flickr),
a pear Pyrus
sachokiana (p.
5 of science.org.ge
pdf), Macha Wheat Triticum
macha (ETH
Zürich),
Cyclamen colchicum
(Cyclamen
Soc.),
Gymnospermium smirnowii
(mobot),
a pasqueflower
Pulsatilla georgica
(iNaturalist), Allium candolleanum
(mobot),
Helleborus
abchasicus (mobot),
Betonica abchasica
(mobot),
a chamomile Anthemis zyghia (mobot),
Kemulariella tugana
(mobot),
Astragalus tanae
(p. 2 of science.org.ge
pdf), Scorzonera
ketzkhoweli (mobot), the houseleeks Sempervivum sosnowskyi
(mobot)
and Sempervivum
charadzeae (fernwood-nursery.co.uk),
and the bellflowers: Campanula dzaaku (mobot)
and Campanula kolakovskyi
(mobot).
Chymsydia (GBIF) (BHL)
is an endemic genus.
Endemic freshwater fish include a loach Oxynoemacheilus
phasicus (GBIF), the Alazani Goby Ponticola alasanicus (BDJ), and a scraper Capoeta svanetica (ResearchGate). There is controversy over whether the
only known specimens
of the catfish Silurus
chantrei (GBIF)
came from the Kura River in Georgia or instead from the
Tigris-Euphrates region.
A rock lizard Darevskia arribasi (Species New to Science) was described in 2023.
Invertebrates known only from the world's deepest cave,
Krubera-Voronya (ResearchGate),
include the springtails Anurida
stereoodorata
and Plutomurus
ortobalaganensis (both at Science),
a millipede Heterocaucaseuma
deprofundum (GBIF),
an amphipod Kruberia
abchasica (Arthropoda
Selecta
pdf), a round fungus beetle Catops
cavicis (Karst
Worlds WM), and a ground beetle Duvalius abyssimus (Passion
Entomologie). Other cave-dwelling endemic invertebrates
include the
shrimps Troglocaris
kumistavi (Species
New to Science) and Xiphocaridinella
otapi (GBIF),
a
woodlouse Caucasoligidium
cavernicola (iNaturalist),
the
amphipod
crustaceans Zenkevitchia
yakovi (EurekAlert!)
and
Niphargus iniochus
(Arthropoda
Selecta pdf), the freshwater snails Caucasogeyeria colchis
(ZooKeys)
and Plagigeyeria
horatieformis
(p. 32 of zin.ru
pdf), a harvestman Nemaspela
prometheus (ResearchGate),
the millipedes Leucogeorgia
prometheus (CaBOL)
and Anamastigona
mauriesi
(Arthropoda
Selecta pdf), the leeches Dina rachaensis (Rufford) and Trocheta ariescornuta (ResearchGate),
a rove beetle Bergrothia
barbakadzei (GBIF),
and a ground beetle Taniatrechus
setosus (zin.ru).
Insects restricted to Georgia include the ground beetles Carabus daphnis (zin.ru) and Pterostichus neilgaimani (ResearchGate), a soldier beetle Malthodes adjaricus (SZMN WM), the leaf beetles Longitarsus pubescens (Chrysomelidae of Europe WM) and Chrysolina adzharica (Chrysomelidae of Europe WM), the longhorn beetles Cortodera goriensis (iNaturalist) and Conizonia georgiana (Cerambycidae WM), a rove beetle Caucanthobium mirandum (ZOBODAT pdf), a click beetle Athous szalokii (GBIF), a plant bug Myrmecophyes nasutus (ZooKeys), an aphid Aphidura jimoi (GBIF), a katydid Parapholidoptera georgiae (Academia), the ants Aphaenogaster muschtaidica (AntWiki) and Myrmoxenus tamarae (ResearchGate), a mayfly Nigrobaetis katerynae (GBIF), a caddisfly Kelgena tolaka (p. 162 of REAL pdf), and a stonefly Leuctra khachapuri (GBIF).
Other endemic arthropods include a wishbone spider Raveniola adjarica (GBIF), a wolf spider Pardosa alasaniensis (Caucasian Spiders), a hacklemesh weaver Amaurobius caucasicus (araneae), a harvestman Phalangium mcheidzeae (p. 14 of RCIN pdf), a pseudoscorpion Cornuroncus chavchavadzei (GBIF), and the millipedes Pseudoflagellophorella mirabilis (GBIF) and Syrioiulus adsharicus (ZooKeys).
Land snails and slugs unique to Georgia (a list of endemic species is at Rufford pdf) include Boettgerilla compressa (Wikipedia), Peristoma boettgeri (iNaturalist), Poiretia mingrelica (Rufford), Acrotoma eguriensis (p. 27 of Tentacle pdf), Caucasocressa ibera (CeNak WM), Renea caucasica (GBIF), Pilorcula pusilla (Univ. Hamburg), Quadriplicata dipolauchen (iNaturalist), Mucronaria kartvelica (PLAZI), Fruticocampylaea kobensis (iNaturalist), Poiretia mingrelica (CeNak WM), Vitrea praetermissa (WMSDB), and Conulopolita raddei (Femorale WM).
Fungi known only from Georgia include Cantharellus roseofagetorum (GBD).
Georgia forms part of two biodiversity hotspots: the Caucasus (Biodiversity Hotspots WM) and the Irano-Anatolian (Biodiversity Hotspots WM). A listing of endemic genera of cave-dwelling invertebrates is at (p. 6 of Rufford pdf) and a list indicating endemic millipedes is at (ZooKeys).