Haiti

Reptiles found nowhere else than Haiti include the Tiburon Banded Racer Ialtris parishi (BHL), the Haitian Pale-lipped Blindsnake Typhlops capitulatus (Caribherp), the La Selle Threadsnake Mitophis leptepileptus (Caribherp), a worm lizard Amphisbaena caudalis (p. 4 of caribjsci.org pdf file), the Gonave Gracile Anole Anolis caudalis (Reptile Database), the Yellow-bellied Desert Anole Anolis websteri (Reptile Database), the Banded Red-bellied Anole Anolis rupinae (Reptile Database), the La Hotte Long-snouted Anole Anolis dolichocephalus (Reptile Database), the Foothill Anole Anolis monticola (Reptile Database), the Jacmel Gracile Anole Anolis marron (Caribherp), and the Tiburon Curlytail Leiocephalus melanochlorus (flickr).

Amphibians unique to Haiti include the Ball Bearing Frog Eleutherodactylus glaphycompus (Caribherp), the Macaya Breast-spot Frog Eleutherodactylus thorectes and the Ventriloqual Frog Eleutherodactylus dolomedes (both at Mongabay), the Hispaniolan Crowned Frog Eleutherodactylus corona (ARKive), the La Hotte Whistling Frog Eleutherodactylus eunaster (ARKive), the Macaya Burrowing Frog Eleutherodactylus parapelates (ARKive), and the Yellow and Black Spotted Frog Eleutherodactylus counouspeus (Cosmos). The Mangrove Frog Eleutherodactylus caribe (Caribherp) has a remarkable tolerance for salt water.

Endemic freshwater fish include the Blackbarred Limia Limia nigrofasciata (FishBase), the Largetooth Limia Limia grossidens (flickr), and the Miragoane Gambusia Gambusia beebei (FishBase). An endemic marine fish is the Haiti Coralbrotula Ogilbichthys haitiensis (FishBase). 

An endemic bird is the Gray-crowned Palm-Tanager (flickr). 

Extinct endemic mammals include Lemke’s Hutia Rhizoplagiodontia lemkei (Mammal Species of the World) and three species of the insectivore genus Nesophontes (Extinct Mammals of the West Indies).

Butterflies known only from Haiti include Calisto pauli (Butterflies of America), Calisto woodsi (Butterflies of America), and Calisto thomasi (Butterflies of America). Other endemic invertebrates include a katydid Polyancistrus darlingtoni (OSF), an ant Pheidole darlingtoni (Google Books), a riffle beetle Helmis lahottensis (Harvard), a tiger beetle Brasiella davidsoni (Species-ID), a ground beetle Stenocellus selleanus (Harvard), a longhorned beetle Calocosmus magnificus (Smithsonian), and a pholcid spider Tainonia visite (Pholcidae). Land snails restricted to Haiti include Drymaeus sallei (flickr), Nenisca franzi (Father Sanchez’s W.I. Natural History), Polydontes obliteratus (p. 105 of UNESCO pdf file), Helicina bineyana (Femorale), and Strophia ferruginea (Cerion).

Vascular plants exclusive to Haiti include several endemic genera: an orchid Tomzanonia (IOPSE), the Mapou Blanch Neobuchia (plantsystematics.org), Samuelssonia (NYBG), Mommsenia (NYBG), Mattfeldia (JSTOR), Tortuella (NYBG), and the recently described Hispaniolanthus (BioOne). Endemic palms include Copernicia ekmanii (ARKive), Pseudophoenix lediniana (PACSOA), and Attalea crassispatha (Global Trees Campaign). Other endemic plants include the orchids Ornithidium donaldeedodii (UC Berkeley) and Specklinia (or Pleurothallis) stillsonii (Selby Gardens), a tree fern Cyathea hotteana (NYBG), Lobelia hotteana (Univ. Michigan Herbarium), Bunchosia pauciflora (NYBG), Illicium hottense (Univ. Florida Herbarium), Gesneria haitiensis (JSTOR), and the legumes: Arcoa gonavensis (NYBG) and Albizia leonardii (NYBG).

Haiti is part of the Caribbean Islands biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots). Important terrestrial ecoregions include the Hispaniolan Pine Forests (EoE) and the Hispaniolan Moist Forests (EoE). The Massif de la Hotte has more critically endangered species than any other site in the world (AZE). Haiti is part of the Hispaniola freshwater ecoregion (FEOW).