Honduras

Mammals unique to Honduras include the Roatan Island Agouti (Mammalian Species pdf file), the Honduran Small-eared Shrew (IUCN Red List), and the extinct Little Swan Island Hutia (Wikipedia). 

The Honduran Emerald (Birds of Honduras) is a critically endangered hummingbird found only in the Agalta and Aguan valleys. 

Endemic freshwater fish include a killifish Profundulus portillorum (Wiley InterScience), a molly Poecilia hondurensis (BioOne), and two cichlids: Amphilophus hogaboomorum (Cichlid-forum.com) and Theraps wesseli (FishBase).

Among the reptiles found nowhere else are several large iguanas: the Utila Island Iguana Ctenosaura bakeri (ARKive), the Rio Aguan Valley Iguana Ctenosaura melanosterna (ARKive), and the Roatan Spiny-tailed Iguana Ctenosaura oedirhina (ARKive). Other endemic lizards include the BICA Anole Norops bicaorum and Norops cusuco (both at Senckenberg), the Utila Anole Norops utilensis (ARKive), another anole Norops zeus (flickr), and the Mountain Lesser Galliwasp Celestus montanus (CalPhotos). Endemic snakes include Omoadiphas aurula (SysTax), a longtail snake Enulius bifoveatus (Honduras Silvestre), a coffee snake Ninia espinali (flickr), a snail sucker Sibon miskitus (Reptile Database), an earth snake Geophis nephodrymus (flickr), a recently described blindsnake Typhlops tycherus (flickr), March’s Palm-Pitviper Bothriechis marchi (Honduras Silvestre), and the Roatan Coral Snake Micrurus ruatanus (ARKive).

Amphibians restricted to Honduras include the Rio Viejo Toad Atelophryniscus chrysophorus (Honduras Silvestre), Bufo (or Incilius) leucomyos (ARKive), the Honduras Spikethumb Frog Plectrohyla dasypus (ARKive), Eleutherodactylus epochthidius (Honduras Silvestre), the Honduras White-lipped Frog Leptodactylus silvanimbus (Leptodactylus), the Honduran Brook Frog Duellmanohyla salvavida (flickr), the Cerro de en Medio Moss Salamander Nototriton lignicola (EDGE), a mushroomtongue salamander Bolitoglossa diaphora (ARKive), the Cortes Salamander Cryptotriton nasalis (ARKive), Dendrotriton sanctibarbarus (AmphibiaWeb), and the recently described Honduran Lowland Worm Salamander Oedipina quadra (p. 8 of Zootaxa pdf file)..

Jewel scarabs known exclusively from Honduras include Chrysina spectabilis (flickr), Chrysina cavei (New World Scarab Beetles), and Chrysina pastori (New World Scarab Beetles). Other endemic beetles include a tiger beetle Odontocheila tawahka, a longhorned beetle Tragidion cyanovestis and a scarab Viridimicus omoaensis (all at Insects on Stamps), a scarab Macrodactylus hondurensis (p. 10 of Zootaxa pdf file), and two dung beetles: Copris nubilosus and Copris calignosus (Zootaxa pdf file). A freshwater crab Potamocarcinus roatensis (IUCN Red List)  and the land snails Helicina hondurana and Myxastyla (or Streptosyla) coxeni (Google Books) are all endemic to Roatan Island..

The most spectacular of 263 vascular plants endemic to Honduras (Zamorano pdf file) is the possibly extinct Haptanthus hazlettii (Tropicos), the sole species in the endemic family Haptanthaceae and known only from the type specimen.  Another endemic genus is the recently described Hondurodendron (ScienceDaily).  Endemic bromeliads include Tillandsia copanensis (fcbs), Tillandsia hondurensis (Botanica Ltd.), Tillandsia kammii (Gärtnerei Dötterer), and Tillandsia subteres (Wild Sky). Other endemic plants include the palms Cryosophila williamsii (Palm Specialist Group) and Chamaedorea frondosa (PACSOA), the cycads Zamia standleyi (Cycad Pages) and Ceratozamia hondurensis (ARKive), a prickly pear cactus Opuntia hondurensis (BHL), Anthurium lancetillense (Int’l Aroid Soc.), Begonia yunckeri (NYBG), Croton suyapensis (JSTOR), Besleria macrocalyx (JSTOR), Lobelia parvidentata (JSTOR), and the orchids Lepanthes hondurensis (flickr) and Acianthera oscitans (Epidendra).

Honduras is part of the Mesoamerica biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots) and its coast forms a portion of the Western Caribbean coral reef hotspot (Reef Guardian pdf file).