India
Primates unique to
India include the Lion-tailed Macaque (ARKive),
the Southern Plains Gray Langur (ARKive),
the Nilgiri Langur (ARKive),
the Bonnet Macaque (BBC),
and the Arunachal Macaque (BBC).
Other endemic mammals include the Nilgiri Tahr (ARKive), the Nilgiri Marten (ARKive),
the Brown Palm Civet (Kalyan
Varma),
the Malabar Civet (ARKive),
the Indian Giant Squirrel (ARKive), and the Long-tailed Climbing Mouse (ARKive). Also sometimes considered full species are the Khur (Wikipedia) and the the Deccan Chinkara (flickr). Representing endemic
genera are the Pygmy Hog (ARKive),
the Madras Tree Shrew (JoTT pdf file), Salim Ali's Fruit Bat (ARKive),
the Namdapha Flying Squirrel (ARKive), and the Malabar Spiny Dormouse (Wikipedia).
Birds found only in India include the Himalayan Quail (BirdLife
Int'l), the Nicobar Scrubfowl (Oriental
Bird Images), the Great Indian Bustard (ARKive),
Jerdon’s Courser (Birds
of India), the Forest Owlet (Oriental
Bird Club), the Andaman Serpent Eagle (IBC),
the Narcondam Hornbill (ARKive), the Malabar Parakeet (World Parrot Trust), the Nilgiri Woodpigeon (ARKive), the Crimson-backed Sunbird (IBC),
the Black-and-orange Flycatcher (Wikipedia),
the Green Avadavat (ARKive), the Nilgiri Laughingthrush (KalyanVarma), and the Bugun Liocichla (Birds of
India).
Reptile genera restricted to India include the Nicobar Forest Dragon Coryphophylax (Shreyas
Krishnan), tthe Anaimalai Gecko Dravidogecko (GGA),
the Chilka Spotted Skink Barkudia
(AHR
pdf file), Ristella (ARKive), Sepsophis
(Vasundhara
pdf file), the narrow-headed snakes Xylophis (NHM-London),
and three shieldtail snakes: Teretrurus (ARKive), Melanophidium
(flickr)
and Plectrurus (ARKive).
Other endemic reptiles include the Andaman Day Gecko (phelsumania),
the Indian Golden Gecko (Zoos'
Print pdf file), the Southern Flying Lizard (Wikipedia),
Whitaker’s Boa (India
Nature Watch),
the Andaman Cobra (Wolfgang
Wüster), Anderson’s Pitviper (Shreyas
Krishnan), and the Cochin Forest Cane Turtle (Turtles
of the World).
Four distinctive amphibians are sometimes considered to each represent
endemic families: the Purple Frog Nasikabatrachidae (EDGE),
the Kottigehar Bush Frog Micrixalidae (EDGE),
the Kerala Indian Frog Ranixalidae (EDGE), and the caecilians of
the genus Uraeotyphlus
Uraeotyphlidae (flickr).
Other endemic amphibian genera include the toads Ghatophryne (ARKive) and Xanthophryne (ARKive), the frogs Nyctibatrachus (ARKive),
Melanobatrachus
(EDGE),
Ghatixalus
(p. 5 of amphibia.be
pdf file), Raorchestes
(BBC),
and Pterorana
(ARKive)
and two caecilians: Geogeneophis (ARKive)
and Indotyphlus (AmphibiaWeb). Other endemic amphibians
include the Malabar Flying Frog (Wikipedia),
the Warty Asian Tree Toad (ARKive),
and the recently described Philautus
chlorosomma (TH-Delhi).
Among numerous endemic freshwater fish genera are Horaichthys
(Univ.
Tokyo), Mesonoemacheilus
(Loaches
Online), Horaglanis (FishBase),
Neotropius
(PlanetCatfish), Hypselobarbus
(jjphoto.dk), Rohtee (jjphoto.dk),
and Betadevario (Practical
Fishkeeping).
Other endemic freshwater fish include the Canara Pearlspot (Cichlid
Room Companion), the Manipur Barb (jjphoto.dk),
the Malabar Pufferfish (ARKive), the Zebra Loach (Loaches
Online), and the Humpback Mahseer (jjphoto.dk).
Endemic marine fish include the Jester Goby (eol),
a wrasse Xyrichtys
cyanifrons (eol),
and a filefish Lalmohania
velutina (FishBase).
Invertebrate families known solely from India include a sea anemone
from Lake Chilka in the Nevadneidae (eol) and the grasshoppers of the family
Mastacideidae (OSF).
Endemic butterflies include the Malabar Rose (flickr),
the Malabar Tree Nymph (Butterflies of India),
and the Southern Birdwing (Indian
Butterflies). Other endemic arthropods include the
a stag beetle Odontolabis
burmeisteri (flickr),
a longhorned beetle Acanthophorus
serraticornis
(TrekNature),
the
Jumping Ant (Wikipedia),
and the Wonderful Parachute Spider (ARKive).
Endemic molluscs include Cyclophorus
altivagus (Sahyadri),
Indrella ampulla
(NHM
- London), Cremnochonchus syhadrensis (Hindu), and Pseudomulleria
dalyi (Mussel
Project).
Among some 7000 endemic vascular plants are such orchids as Paphiopedilum druryi
(ARKive),
Phalaenopsis
speciosa (IOPSE),
and Schoenorchis
manipurensis (IOPSE).
Endemic genera include an aroid Anaphyllum (flickr),
a palm Bentinckia
(PACSOA),
Erinocarpus (ARKive), Adenoon
(flickr), Cynarospermum (Flowers of India),
Haplanthodes
(Flowers
of India), Moullava
(flickr), and Pinda (Flowers
of India). Other endemic plants include the Kurinji
(Flowers
of India), Rhododendron
macabeanum (rhododendron.org),
the Khasi Pitcher Plant (Wikipedia),
a banana Musa velutina
(ubcbotanicalgarden.org),
Geranium clarkei
(BBC),
the Surangi (Flowers
of India), the Forest Spider Lily (Flowers
of India), Impatiens
clavicornu (Frontline),
and the Siroi Lily (Wikipedia).
India includes portions of four biodiversity hotspots: the Western Ghats and
Sri Lanka (Biodiversity
Hotspots), the Himalaya (Biodiversity
Hotspots), the Indo-Burma (Biodiversity
Hotspots), and the Sundaland (Biodiversity
Hotspots), . India also
includes part of the Northern Indian Ocean coral
reef hotspot (Reef
Guardian pdf file). Important freshwater ecoregions
for endemism include the Western Ghats (IUCN pdf file),
the Ganges Delta and Plain (FEOW),
and the Chin Hills-Arakan Coast (FEOW).