Japan
Checklist of Endemic Mammal Species
This list of mammal species found exclusively in Japan is based on the taxonomy used in Wilson & Reeder (2005). For further details on possible inaccuracies in the list see Sources & Caveats.
Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (Eds.)(2005) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third Edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
X = extinct IN = introduced elsewhere
Macaca fuscata (Primates - Cercopithecidae) Japanese Macaque
Lepus brachyurus (Lagomorpha - Leporidae) Japanese Hare
Pentalagus furnessi (Lagomorpha - Leporidae) Amami Rabbit
Crocidura dsinezumi (Soricomorpha - Soricidae) Dsinezumi Shrew
Crocidura orii (Soricomorpha - Soricidae) Ryukyu Shrew
Crocidura watasei (Soricomorpha - Soricidae) Lesser Ryukyu Shrew
Chimarrogale platycephalus (Soricomorpha - Soricidae) Japanese Water Shrew
Sorex hosonoi (Soricomorpha - Soricidae) Azumi Shrew
Sorex shinto (Soricomorpha - Soricidae) Shinto Shrew
Euroscaptor miziura (Soricomorpha - Talpidae) Japanese Mountain Mole
Mogera imaizumii (Soricomorpha - Talpidae) Small Japanese Mole
Mogera tokudae (Soricomorpha - Talpidae) Sado Mole
Mogera uchidai (Soricomorpha - Talpidae) Senkaku Mole
Dymecodon pilirostris (Soricomorpha - Talpidae) True's Shrew Mole
Urotrichus talpoides (Soricomorpha - Talpidae) Japanese Shrew Mole
Pteropus loochoensis (Chiroptera - Pteropodidae) Japanese Flying Fox
Pteropus pselaphon (Chiroptera - Pteropodidae) Bonin Flying Fox
Rhinolophus cornutus (Chiroptera - Rhinolophidae) Little Japanese Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus imaizumii (Chiroptera - Rhinolophidae) Imaizumi's Horseshoe Bat
Eptesicus japonensis (Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae) Japanese Short-tailed Bat
Nyctalus furvus (Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae) Japanese Noctule
Pipistrellus endoi (Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae) Endo's Pipistrelle
Pipistrellus sturdeei (Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae) Sturdee's Pipistrelle
Myotis hosonoi (Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae) Hosono's Myotis
Myotis ozensis (Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae) Honshu Myotis
Myotis pruinosus (Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae) Frosted Myotis
Myotis yanbarensis (Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae) Yanbaru Myotis
Myotis yesoensis (Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae) Yoshiyuki's Myotis
Miniopterus fuscus (Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae) Southeast Asian Long-fingered Bat
Murina ryukyuana (Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae) Ryukyu Tube-nosed Bat
Murina silvatica (Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae) Forest Tube-nosed Bat
Murina tenebrosa (Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae) Gloomy Tube-nosed Bat
Prionailurus iriomotensis (Carnivora - Felidae) Iriomote Cat
Lutra nippon X? (Carnivora - Mustelidae) Japanese Otter
Meles anakuma (Carnivora - Mustelidae) Japanese Badger
Mustela itatsi IN (Carnivora - Mustelidae) Japanese Weasel
Capricornis crispus (Artiodactyla - Bovidae) Japanese Serow
Sciurus lis (Rodentia - Sciuridae) Japanese Squirrel
Petaurista leucogenys (Rodentia - Sciuridae) Japanese Giant Flying Squirrel
Pteromys momonga (Rodentia - Sciuridae) Japanese Flying Squirrel
Glirulus japonicus (Rodentia - Gliridae) Japanese Dormouse
Microtus montebelli (Rodentia - Cricetidae) Japanese Grass Vole
Myodes andersoni (Rodentia - Cricetidae) Anderson's Red-backed Vole
Myodes imaizumii (Rodentia - Cricetidae) Imaizumi's Red-backed Vole
Myodes rex (Rodentia - Cricetidae) Hokkaido Red-backed Vole
Myodes smithii (Rodentia - Cricetidae) Smith's Red-backed Vole
Apodemus argenteus (Rodentia - Muridae) Small Japanese Field Mouse
Apodemus speciosus (Rodentia - Muridae) Large Japanese Field Mouse
Diplothrix legata (Rodentia - Muridae) Ryukyu Islands Tree Rat
Tokudaia muenninki (Rodentia - Muridae) Okinawa Island Spiny Rat
Tokudaia osimensis (Rodentia - Muridae) Amani-oshima Island Spiny Rat
Additional endemic mammal species described too recently to be included in Wilson & Reeder (2005) are given below. This list is primarily based on information from the Dutch Wikipedia for 2008 (here), 2007 (here), 2006 (here), 2005 (here), and 2004 (here). In addition to the 51 endemic mammal species listed above, the additional species listed below gives a total of 52 species of mammals known solely from Japan.
Tokudaia tokunoshimensis (Rodentia - Muridae) Tokunoshima Spiny Rat 2006