Lebanon
Fraas’s Lizard Parvilacerta (or Lacerta) fraasii (ARKive) is a reptile found only in Lebanon.
An
endemic freshwater
fish is the minnow Pseudophoxinus
syriacus (IUCN Red List)(fig.
3 at Internet
Archive).
Invertebrates unique to Lebanon include a grasshopper Chorthippus lebanicus
(OSF),
the longhorned beetles Pogonocherus
ehdenensis (Forum
Entomologi Italiani) and Callidium
libani (eol),
a scarab Melontha
excisicauda (glaphyridae.com),
a plant bug Psallus jeitensis (Discover
Life), a cave-dwelling centipede Lithobius libanicus
(Sapienza
Univ. Rome pdf file), the amphipod
crustaceans Niphargus
altagahizi (IJS
pdf file)
and Echinogammarus
berytensis (CNRS),
and
several freshwater snails: Gyraulus
bekaensis (p. 6 of Mollusca
pdf file), Pseudobithynia
amiqensis (ARKive),
Pseudobithynia levantica
(ARKive),
and Pseudobithynia
kathrini (ARKive).
Among about 92 species of endemic vascular plants are the Sofar Iris Iris sofarana (Kew),
the Thick-leaved Stock Matthiola
crassifolia (Plants
of Lebanon and Syria), the
Hopflower Oregano Origanum
libanoticum (Plants
of Lebanon and Syria), the Lebanon Violet Viola libanotica (Flore
virtuelle du Liban), the
Lebanon Barberry Berberis
libanotica (Flore
virtuelle du Liban), the White Everlasting Helichrysum virgineum
(p.
23 of moe.gov.lb
pdf file), the Hoary Vetch Vicia
canescens (Plants
of Lebanon and Syria), the Scentless Balm Melissa inodora (p.
20 of moe.gov.lb
pdf file),
a
groundsel Senecio exilis
(Flore
virtuelle du Liban), the
Lebanon Cyclamen Cyclamen
libanoticum (Flore
virtuelle du Liban), Phlomis
tathamiorum (Botanicus),
Ballota byblensis
(BHL),
Geranium libanoticum
(flickr),
Salvia fairuziana
(nhmedit.com), the Sofar Milk-vetch Astragalus
sofarensis (LAU),
and the Three-lobed Apple Malus trilobata (Flore
virtuelle du Liban). An endemic
genus of grass is Lycochloa
(BGBM).
Lebanon
is included in the Mediterranean Basin biodiversity
hotspot (Biodiversity
Hotspots). Important terrestrial ecoregions include
the Eastern Mediterranean Conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf
Forests (EoE)
and the Southern Anatolian Montane Conifer and Deciduous
Forests (EoE).
For a list of endemic vascular plant species see (Flore
virtuelle du Liban).