Libya
Mammals found only in Libya include Grobben’s Gerbil (IUCN Red List) and the Alexandrian Shrew (IUCN Red List)(zfmk.de pdf file).
An orangetail lizard Philochortus zolii (ARKive)(IUCN Red List) is critically endangered and known from just two sites in Libya and one site (where it is possibly extinct) in Egypt.
A killifish Aphanius
desioi (IUCN Red List)
is sometimes considered a full species distinct from the widespread
Mediterranean Killifish Aphanius
fasciatus (FishBase).
Invertebrates known solely from Libya include a longhorned beetle Chlorophorus ringenbachi
(Beetles
of Libya), a weevil Caulostrophus
ringenbachi (Beetles
of Libya), a jewel beetle Paratassa ringenbachi
(Beetles
of Libya), a tiger beetle Neolaphrya ritchiei
(Beetles
of Libya), a cockchafer Pachydema peyerhimhoffi (Beetles
of Libya), a dung beetle Onitis
ringenbachi (Beetles
of Libya), a darkling beetle Tentyria cyrenaica (Beetles
of Libya), a blister beetle Mylabris cyrenaica (Beetles of Libya), a planthopper Dictyophara
merjensis (AMNH),
a leafhopper Wadkufia
elegans (AMNH),
the bees Lasioglossum
tripolitanum (Atlas
Hymenoptera) and Nomioides
mucoreus (Atlas
Hymenoptera), a scorpion Buthus barcaeus (p. 3 of Euscorpius pdf file), a
cave-dwelling millipede Glomeris
monostriata (ZooKeys), and the land snails Barcania kaltenbachi (AMZ) and Cochlostoma susaense (OSU).
Among about 134 vascular plant species unique to Libya are Cyclamen rohlfsianum
(Cyclamen
Society), Arbutus pavarii (CMEP), Sedum cyrenaicum (PlantLife), an orchid Anacamptis cyrenaica (SOF), Allium
negrianum (JSTOR),
Silene cyrenaica (JSTOR),
Hypericum tauberti
(Zürcher
Herbarien), Cynara
cyrenaica (JSTOR), Sedum bracteatum (JSTOR),
Poa pentapolitana (JSTOR),
Romulea cyrenaica (JSTOR), Satureja (or Euhesperida) linearifolia (JSTOR),
Nepeta cyrenaica (JSTOR), Crocus boulosii (JSTOR), Euphorbia pseudoapios (JSTOR),
Limonium teuchirae (JSTOR),
Asperula
tragacanthoides (JSTOR),
and Orobanche cyrenaica (OroWiki).
Pachyctenium
(MNHN) and Libyella (JSTOR) are endemic genera.
Portions of Libya are included in the
Mediterranean Basin biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity
Hotspots). Important ecoregions for endemic species
include the Mediterranean Dry Woodlands and Steppe (EoE)
and the Tibesti-Jebel Uweinat Montane Xeric Woodlands (EoE).