Malawi

Lake Malawi has the world's richest freshwater fish fauna with many species restricted to the portion of the lake in Malawi. Endemic cichlids include the Fire Blue Protomelas dejunctus (MalawiCichlids.com), the Super VC-10 Placidochromis milomo (MalawiCichlids.com), the Sulfurhead Aulonocara Aulonocara maylandi (ARKive), Copadichromis mbenjii (ARKive), Eclectochromis ornatus (PBase), Lethrinops microdon (MalawiCichlids.com), the Chisumulu Pearl Labidochromis flavigulis (ARKive), Maylandia mbenjii (MalawiCichlids.com), the Maingano Melanochromis cyaneorhabdos (MalawiCichlids.com), the Lavender Mbuna Iodotropheus sprengerae (ARKive), and Saulos's Mbuna Pseudotropheus saulosi (MalawiCichlids.com). Fish endemic to other portions of Malawi include the Redfin Notho Nothobranchius kirki (FishBase), a yellowfish Labeobarbus nthuwa (p. 5 of Bioline Int'l pdf file), and the Silver Barb Barbus choloensis (Google Books).

Reptiles found only in Malawi include the Mlanje Mountain Chameleon Nadzikambia mlanjense (Google Books), Mitchell's Flat Lizard Platysaurus mitchelli (eol), the Nyika Girdled Lizard (Reptile Database), and the skinks Mabuya (or Trachylepis) hildae (BHL) and Johnston's Skink Eumecia johnstoni (fig. 1 at BHL).

Endemic amphibians include France's Squeaker Arthroleptis francei and Johnston's River Frog Afrana (or Amietia) johnstoni (both at EDGE), as well as Broadley's Ridged Frog Ptychadena broadleyi (IUCN Red List). 

The Yellow-throated Apalis Apalis flavigularis (ARKive) is an endemic bird.

Mammals known solely from Malawi include Ansell's Epauletted Fruit Bat Epomophorus anselli (IUCN Red List), the Nyika Burrowing Shrew Myosorex gnoskei (BioOne), and Johnston’s African Dormouse Graphiurus johnstoni (IUCN Red List).

Butterflies restricted to Malawi include Charaxes martini (BOLD), Euphaedra murphyi (metafro), and Cymothoe zombana (WNS Stamps). Other endemic insects include the Mulanje Damselfly Oreocnemis phoenix (Africa Dragonfly), a stalk-eyed fly Diopsis malawiensis (p. 9 of Zool. Med. Leiden pdf file), a ground beetle Chlaenius ruthmuellerae (p. 42 of Entomofauna pdf file), and four katydids: Enyaliopsis ilala (OSF), Enyaliopsis mulanje (OSF), Eulioptera bilobata (OSF), and Dioncomena bulla (OSF). Other endemic invertebrates include a daddy long-legs spider Ninetis russellsmithi (PubMed Central), a baboon spider Ceratogyrus hillyardi (p. 16 of baboonspiders.de pdf file), a pholcid spider Ninetis russelsmithi (Pholcidae), another spider Umwani anymphos (figs. D-F at BHL), a freshwater crab Potamonautes montivagus (IUCN Red List), and the land snails Achatina nyikaensis (petsnails.co.uk) and Gulella systemanaturae (Zool. Med. Leiden pdf file).

Among about 50 endemic vascular plant species are several orchids including Aerangis distincta (IOPSE), Habenaria livingstonia (JSTOR), Polystachya minima (IOPSE), and Polystachya johnstonii (IOPSE). Mount Mulanje is especially rich in endemic plants (Oxford) including the Mulanje Cedar Widdringtonia whytei (ARKive), Gladiolus bellus (Oxford), Geranium mlanjense (Oxford), Impatiens shirensis (Oxford), Aster milanjianus (Oxford), Helichrysum whyteanum (Oxford), Alloeochaete oreogena (JSTOR), Euphorbia mlanjeana (Oxford), Lotus mlanjeanus (Oxford), and Cleome densifolia (Oxford). Plants unique to the Nyika Plateau (SABONET pdf file) include Polygala nyikense (Kew), Osteospermum nyikensis (JSTOR), Phyllanthus nyikae (JSTOR), Cyphia nyikensis (JSTOR), Vernonia kawoziensis (JSTOR), and Peucedanum articulatum (JSTOR).

Parts of Malawi are included in the South Malawi Montane Forest-grassland Mosaic (EoE) and the Eastern Afromontane biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots). Lake Malawi (FEOW) likely has over 800 fish species found nowhere else and is also rich in endemic invertebrates. Many of the endemic plant species can be found in the Malawi Plant Red Data List (see National Red Lists 3 MB pdf file).