Mongolia
Mammals unique to Mongolia include the Mongolian Saiga (WWF-Mongolia), which is sometimes considered a full species (Mammal Species of the World), and the Mongolian Three-toed Jerboa (p. 41 of World Bank pdf file).
The
Mongolian Accentor (Oriental
Bird Images) breeds only in Mongolia.
Freshwater fish found solely in Mongolia include the Gobi Loach Barbatula dgebuadzei
(p. 112 of World
Bank pdf file), the Hövsgöl Grayling Thymallus nigrescens
(p. 23 of National
Red Lists pdf file), the Lake Osman Oreoleuciscus angusticephalus
(p.
29 of National
Red Lists pdf file), Oreoleuciscus
dsapchynensis (p. 110 of World
Bank pdf file), and two recently described species: the Upper
Yenisei Grayling Thymallus svetovidovi
(FishBase)
and a river
loach Triplophysa
arnoldii (p. 18 of My
Tropical Fish pdf file).
Arthropods known only from Mongolia include the butterflies Polyommatus aloisi (SZMN)
and Tongeia burte
(Darwin
Museum), a ground beetle Calosoma
fischeri (Calosoma
of the World), a longhorned beetle Eodorcadion gorbunovi
(p. 12 of zin.ru
5 MB pdf file), a leaf beetle Crosita
kowalewskii (zin.ru),
a soft-winged flower beetle Haplomalachius
(or Microlimus)
forticornis
(SZMN),
a water scavenger beetle Helophorus
mongoliensis (SZMN),
a straight-snouted weevil Perapion
terminassianae (SZMN),
the katydids Zichya
piechockii (SysTax)
and Deracantha kaszabi
(SysTax),
and a jumping spider Dendryphantes
darchan (Salticidae
of the World). An endemic copepod crustacean is Eucyclops dumonti (Copepod Web
Portal pdf file).
Among about 145 vascular plant species exclusive to Mongolia are Ranunculus sapozhnikovii
(Plantes
Botanique), Potentilla
ikonnikovii
(tanemahuta.com),
Lagopsis darwiniana
(p. 8 of Darwin
Initiative 3 MB pdf file), Adonis mongolica
(Poppe-Stamps),
Silene mongolica (Poppe-Stamps),
Ranunculus arschantynicus
(Turczaninowia
pdf file),
Saussurea saichanensis
(tanemahuta.com),
Papaver pseudotenellum
(Virtual
Flora of Mongolia),
Sterigmostemum
botschanzevii (MOBOT),
Erysimum mongolicum
(BGBM),
Rhammatophyllum
(or Prionotrichon)
kamelinii (Tropicos), Salsola centralasiatica
(MOBOT),
Crucihimalaya mongolica
(Tropicos),
Artemisia gobica (MOBOT),
and Artemisia klementzae
(MOBOT).
Ecoregions restricted to Mongolia include the Gobi Lakes Valley Desert
Steppe (EoE)
and the Khangai Mountains Conifer Forests (EoE).
Other important ecoregions include the Great Lakes Basin Desert
Steppe (EoE),
the Daurian Forest Steppe (EoE),
and the Alashan Plateau Semi-desert ;(EoE).
Lake Hövsgöl (ANSP)
is important for freshwater endemics.