Nepal
The Spiny Babbler (ARKive) is a bird species that is unique to Nepal. The Nepal Kalij (Avian Genetics) is an endemic pheasant subspecies.
Endemic
mammals include Csorba’s Mouse-eared Bat (Planet'
Mammiferes)
and the Nepalese Field Mouse (p. 3 of Rufford
Small Grants pdf file).
Endemic amphibians include Dubois’ Paa Frog Paa (or Nanorana) rostandi (IUCN Red List),
the Nepal High Altitude Toad Scutiger
nepalensis (p. 57 of Naturalis
pdf file),
and the Narayanghat Whipping Frog Polypedates
zed (IUCN Red List).
Lizards found only in Nepal include Sitana fusca (AG-Agamen), another agamid Japalura dasi (Reptile
Database), a lidless skink Asymblepharus nepalensis
(Reptile
Database), and a naked-toed gecko Gonydactylus (or Cyrtodactylus)
nepalensis (Reptile
Database). Shah’s Bamboo Pitviper Trimeresurus karanshahi
has at times been considered distinct from the Tibetan Pit Viper Trimeresurus tibetanus
(Wolfgang
Wüster).
Freshwater fish restricted to Nepal include the Pharping Catfish Myersglanis blythii
(FishBase),
Psilorhynchus nepalensis
(flickr),
the
Nepalese Minnow Psilorhynchus
pseudecheneis (FishBase),
the
Nepalese Snowtrout Schizothorax
macrophthalmus (p. 8 of ISJ
pdf file),
a loach Turcinoemacheilus
himalaya (Wiley),
the erethistid catfishes Erethistoides
ascita and Erethistoides
cavatura (both on p. 15 of WWF
pdf file), a
bagrid catfish Batasio
macronotus (PlanetCatfish),
and several sisorid catfishes: Pseudecheneis
eddsi
(p. 10 of Zootaxa
pdf file), Pseudecheneis
crassicauda and Pseudecheneis
serracula
(both at
Zootaxa
pdf file).
Beetles exclusive to Nepal include the ground beetles Cychropsis nepalensis
(Carabidae
of the World) and Nebria
molendai (p. 3 of nmbe.ch
pdf file),
a carrion beetle Eonecrophorus
tenuicornis (CiNii
pdf file), a dung beetle Caccobius
scheuerni (eol),
and a longhorned beetle Hesperoclytus
katarinae (Francesco
Vitali). Other endemic insects include a katydid Isopsera caligula (OSF),
a mole cricket Gryllotalpa
pygmaea (SysTax),
a grasshopper Nepalocaryanda
latifrons (SysTax),
a bee Andrena
kathmanduensis (p. 2 of Kyushu
Univ. pdf file), a damselfly Calicnemia nipalica
(IUCN
Red List), and an an ant-mimicking thrip Franklinothrips strasseni
(p. 8 of Zootaxa
pdf file). Other endemic invertebrates include a tarantula Haplocosmia nepalensis
(Tim's
Spider Corner),
a goblin spider Brignolia
ankhu (AMNH),
a jumping spider Carrhotus
operosus (Salticidae
of the World), a scorpion Heterometrus nepalensis
(František
Kovarík), a centipede Cryptops nepalensis
(CHILOBASE),
and a freshwater snail Tricula
mahadevensis (IUCN
Red List).
Among about 400 endemic vascular plant species are the orchids Pleione coronaria (ARKive)
and Oreorchis
porphyranthes (asianflora.com),
Rhododendron
lowndesii (Dr.
K.A. Kron), Delphinium
himalayai (Plantes
Botanique), Saxifraga
alpigena (SaxBase),
Roscoea capitata
(Kew),
Clematis phlebantha
(Rogers
Trees and Shrubs), Zanthoxylum
nepalense (Crûg
Farm), Silene
fissicalyx (Plantes
Botanique), a bamboo Himalayacalamus porcatus
(asianflora.com),
Euphorbia
schillingii (BBC),
the poppies Meconopsis
regia (flickr)
and Meconopsis dhwojii
(asianflora.com),
Oxytropis
williamsii (asianflora.com),
Aconitum bhedingense
(Plantes
Botanique), and several
primroses: Primula
aureata (Primula
World), Primula
sharmae (Primula
World), and Primula
wigramiana (Primula
World). Discretitheca
(formerly Caryopteris)
nepalensis
(Blanchette
Gardens) is an endemic genus of mint.
Nepal is included in the Himalaya biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity
Hotspots). In addition to the mountain regions, an
important ecoregion is the Terai-Duar Savanna and Grasslands (EoE). Rara Lake (ISJ
pdf file) has several endemic species. For an overview of the
nation's plants and animals see the "Nepal Biodiversity Resource Book" (ICIMOD
14 MB pdf file).