Portugal

Birds unique to Portugal include the Madeira Laurel Pigeon (Madeira Wind Birds) and, as breeding species, Zino’s Petrel (Madeira Wind Birds) and the recently described Monteiro's Storm-petrel Oceanodroma monteiroi (azoresbioportal). The Azores Bullfinch Pyrrhula murina (ARKive) is usually considered distinct from the Eurasian Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula and the Madeira Firecrest Regulus madeirensis (Madeira Wind Birds) distinct from the European Firecrest Regulus ignicapillus. The Desertas Petrel Pterodroma deserta (Madeira Wind Birds) may be distinct from Fea's Petrel Pterodroma feae.

Reptiles found nowhere else include the Selvagens Gecko Tarentola bischoffi (Madeira Nature) and the Madeira Wall Lizard Podarcis (or Teira) dugesii (EFHC).

The Azorean Bat (ARKive)(azoresbioportal) is an endemic mammal.

Freshwater fish restricted to Portugal include the chubs Squalius (or Leuciscus) aradensis (ICNB pdf file) and Squalius (or Leuciscus) torgalensis (Ittiofauna), and the Portuguese Nase Iberochondrostoma (or Rutilus) lusitanicum (ARKive). Several recently described endemic nase species include Chondrostoma almacai (ARKive), Chondrostoma olisiponensis (Panoramio), Achondrostoma oligolepis (Ittiofauna), and Achondrostoma occidentale (ARKive). Endemic marine fish include the Madeiran Ray Raja maderensis (FishBase), a wrasse Centrolabrus caeruleus (FishBase), a chimaera Hydrolagus lusitanicus (Manuel Afonso-Dias pdf file), the Blackspot Conger Paraconger macrops (FishBase), and a scorpionfish Scorpaena azorica (Universidade dos Açores).

Arthropods known solely from Portugal include the Madeiran Speckled Wood (ARKive), La Cerf’s Grayling (European Butterflies and Moths), a looper moth Xenochlorodes magna (European Butterflies and Moths), a bumblebee Bombus maderensis (Madeira Wind Birds), a ground beetle Trechus terceiranus (Naturdata), a predaceous diving beetle Meladema lanio (ARKive), a weevil Donus multifidus (Naturdata), a bush cricket Psalmatophanes barretoi (OSF), a nursery web spider Pisaura acoreensis (azoresbioportal), a cave-dwelling spider Anapistula ataecina (Naturdata) and pseudoscorpion Titanobochica magna (flickr), and the Desertas Wolf Spider Hogna (or Lycosa) ingens (Madeira Wind Birds). Endemic Madeiran land snails include Leptaxis nivosa (AnimalBase), Lampadia webbiana (b-cabinet), Actinella giramica (ARKive), Leiostyla cassida (ARKive), Amphorella melampoides (ARKive), and Ochthephila madeirensis (Bishogai). Moreletina horripila (IUCN Red List) and Leptaxis azorica (azoresbioportal) are land snails and Patella gomesi (Eddie Hardy) is a limpet endemic to the Azores.

Among about 200 vascular plant species found nowhere else are Armeria pseudarmeria (eol), Thymus lotocephalus (eol), Silene rothmaleri (flickr), Hyacinthoides vicentina (flickr), the Pride of Madeira (Madeira Nature), the Madeira Bell-heather (Botany.cz), Isoplexis sceptrum (Botany.cz), the Disc Houseleek (Botany.cz), Orchis scopulorum (Botany.cz), the Madeira Cranesbill (flickr), the Azores Blueberry (azoresbioportal), the Azores Juniper (Wikipedia), the Azores Bellflower (Universidade dos Açores), Azores Ivy Hedera azorica (azoresbioportal), and a fern Dryopteris azorica (Universidade dos Açores). Endemic genera include Musschia (Madeira Nature), Chamaemeles (p. 19 of Umbelata pdf file), Melanoselinum (flickr), and Monizia (Digital Flowers).

Much of Portugal is included in the Mediterranean Basin biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots). Important terrestrial ecoregions include the Madeira Evergreen Forests (EoE), the Azores Temperate Mixed Forests (EoE), and the Southwest Iberian Mediterranean Sclerophyllous and Mixed Forests (EoE).