Solomon Islands

Birds found nowhere else include the Yellow-bibbed Lory (World Parrot Trust), the Chestnut-bellied Imperial-pigeon (BirdLife Int'l), the Silver-capped Fruit Dove (IBC), the Makira Moorhen (BirdLife Int'l), the Roviana Rail (IBC), the Buff-headed Coucal (IBC), the Malaita Fantail (BirdLife Int'l), the Splendid White-eye (Wildlife Extra), the Rennell White-eye (IBC), the Rennell Starling (IBC), and the Rennell Shrikebill (IBC). Endemic genera include the Bare-eyed White-eye (Australasian Bird Image Database), the San Cristobal Honeyeater (IBC), the Guadalcanal Honeyeater (p. 8 of AMNH pdf file), and the extinct Choiseul Crested Pigeon (Wikipedia).

Bats unique to the Solomon Islands include the Dwarf Flying Fox Pteropus woodfordi (ARKive), the Makira Flying Fox Pteropus cognatus (ARKive), Fardoulis' Blossum-bat Melonycteris fardoulisi (Planet' Mammiferes), the Santa Cruz Tube-nosed Fruit Bat Nyctimene santacrucis (Andrew Isles Bookshop), the New Georgia Monkey-faced Bat Pteralopex taki (Planet' Mammiferes), the Montane Monkey-faced Fruit Bat Pteralopex pulchra (Australian Museum pdf file), and the Guadalcanal Monkey-faced Fruit Bat Pteralopex atrata (Flying Fox Conservation Fund). Endemic rodents include the King Rat Uromys rex (top at Google Books) and the Isabel Giant Rat Solomys sapientis (ARKive).

Reptiles restricted to the Solomon Islands include the Lake Tenggano Krait Laticauda crockeri (NHM-London), the Rennell Island Monitor Varanus juxtindicus (IVIG pdf file), the Guadalcanal Bow-fingered Gecko Cyrtodactylus biordinis (Google Books), the Spotted Emo Skink Emoia maculata (fig. f at Internet Archive), the Red-lipped Emo Skink Emoia rufilabialis and Schmidt’s Emo Skink Emoia schmidti (both at Internet Archive), the Bright Emo Skink Emoia rennellensis (Internet Archive), the Taumako Emo Skink Emoia taumakoensis (Internet Archive), and Schmidt's Helmet Skink Tribolonotus schmidti (Google Books). The Solomon Small-eyed Snake Loveridgelaps elapoides (Google Books) is an endemic genus.

Endemic amphibians include the Malukuna Webbed Frog Discodeles malukuna (eol) and the recently described Platymantis desticans and Platymantis parilis (both at Zootaxa pdf file).

Marine fish unique to the Solomon Islands include a shrimpgoby Vanderhorstia attenuata (eol). A collared wriggler Paraxenisthmus springeri (Native Fish Lab pdf file) from Florida Island is an endemic genus of marine fish. A recently described endemic freshwater goby is Lentipes solomonensis (WSRD pdf file).

Butterflies exclusive to the Solomons include Schneider’s Surprise Tiradelphe schneideri (fzi.uni-freiburg.de), Papilio erskinei (GloBIS), Mycalesis richardi (flickr), and Argyronympha rubianensis (flickr). Other endemic insects include a stick insect Megacrania phelaus (Phasma), the longhorned beetles Batocera lamondi (BioLib) and Xixuthrus costatus (cerambycoidea.com), a carrion beetle Nicrophorus reticulatus (eol), a bess beetle Gonatas naviculator and a weevil Elytrurus lapeyrousei (both at Futura-Sciences), a plant bug Campylomma guadalcanalica (Discover Life), a cicada Inflatopyga langeraki (p. 13 of UvA DARE), a damselfly Argiolestes gizo and a dragonfly Tapeinothemis boharti (both on p. 95 of WSRD pdf file), and the ants Amblyopone gnoma (AntWeb) and Stereomyrmex dispar (AntWeb).

Land snails known only from the Solomon Islands include Partula cramptoni (AMNH), Papuina guadalcanarensis (b-cabinet), and Placostylus almiranta (AMNH). Endemic marine molluscs include a cone snail Conus moylani (Eddie Hardy) and a murex snail Favartia robertsoni (Eddie Hardy).  Sesarmoides (or Karstama) ultrapes (AToL Decapoda pdf file) is an endemic cave-dwelling crab.

Among the plant species found solely in the Solomons are several palms including Areca guppyana (flickr), Clinostigma gronophyllum (PACSOA), Drymophloeus subdistichus (PACSOA), Heterospathe minor (PACSOA), Heterospathe woodfordiana (PACSOA), and Physokentia insolita (PACSOA). Other endemic plants include the orchids Dendrobium rennellii (IOPSE) and Dendrobium gnomus (IOPSE), the ant plant Hydnophytum kajewskii (botanicgardens.ie), Heliconia lanata (flickr), the Solomon Blackwood Xanthostemon melanoxylon (Botanic Gardens Trust pdf file), Begonia salomonensis (SE Asian Begonia Database), a ginger Alpinia conferta (NYBG), Syzygium delicatulum (JSTOR), and Mussaenda kajewskii (JSTOR). Allowoodsonia whitmorei (Nationaal Herbarium Nederland) is an endemic genus.

The Solomon Islands is part of the East Melanesian Islands biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots) and includes portions of the Solomon Islands Rain Forests (EoE) and the Vanuatu Rain Forests (EoE) terrestrial ecoregions. The Solomon Group Endemic Bird Area (BirdLife International), which also includes the islands of Bougainville and Buka in Papua New Guinea, has more endemic bird species than any other endemic bird area in the world.  Freshwater endemism is summarised in (WSRD pdf file).