Somalia

Birds found only in Somalia include the Somali Pigeon (IBC), Ash's Lark (BirdLife Int'l), the Lesser Hoopoe-Lark (African Bird Image Database), Archer's Lark (BirdLife Int'l), the Somali Lark (IBC), and the Warsangli Linnet (African Bird Image Database). Archer's Buzzard Bufo archeri (African Bird Club) is frequently considered a full species distinct from the more wide ranging Jackal Buzzard Bufo rufofuscus, the Somali Thrush Turdus ludoviciae (IBC) is sometimes considered a full species distinct from the more widespread Olive Thrush Turdus olivaceus, and the Somali Grosbeak Rhynchostruthus louisae (GlobalTwitcher.com) is now usually considered distinct from the Golden-winged Grosbeak Rhynchostruthus socotranus.

Mammals found nowhere else include the Silver Dik-dik (Planet' Mammiferes), the Somalian Slender Mongoose (Planet' Mammiferes), the Somali Hedgehog (afrikanische-weissbauchigel.de), the Somali Elephant Shrew (IUCN Red List), the Somali Striped Mole-rat Fukomys ilariae (Il Corno d'Africa pdf file), and the Somali Golden Mole (IUCN Red List). The Somali Pygmy Gerbil Microdillus peeli (Google Books) is an endemic genus.

Reptiles unique to Somalia include the Hughes' Saw-scaled Viper Echis hughesi (Tomáš Mazuch), the Southern Somali Garter Snake Elapsoidea chelazzii (Reptile Database), the Dotted House Snake Lamprophis (or Boaedon) maculatus (housesnakes.net), Schätti's Racer Coluber (or Platyceps) messanai (Reptile Database), Scortecci's Diadem Snake Spalerosophis josephscorteccii (p. 31 of Tomáš Mazuch 3 MB pdf file), a sand boa Eryx borrii (p. 29 of Tomáš Mazuch pdf file), the Angled Worm Lizard Agamodon anguliceps (BHL), Macfayden's Spiny-tailed Lizard Uromastyx macfadyeni (flickr), the Somali Agama Agama bottegi (fig. 1 at BHL), the geckos Hemidactylus taylori (Reptile Database) and Hemidactylus bavazzanoi (p. 12 of Tomáš Mazuch pdf file), and a sand lizard Mesalina (or Eremias) ercolinii (Tomáš Mazuch pdf file).  A colubrid snake Aprosdoketophis andreonei (Taylor & Francis) and Haacke-Greer's Skink Haackgreerius miopus (Reptile Database) are endemic genera.

Amphibians exclusive to Somalia include a sand frog Tomopterna elegans (African Amphibians Lifedesk), Calabresi's Bullfrog Pyxicephalus obbianus (IUCN Red List), a ridged frog Ptychadena gansi (eol), and an endemic genus, Lanza's Frog Lanzarana (or Hildebrandtia) largeni (p. 4 of Tomáš Mazuch pdf file).

Freshwater fish known solely from Somalia include a killifish Nothobranchius fasciatus (FishBase), a bagrid catfish Bagrus urostigma (ACSI) and three endemic genera: a cave-dwelling airbreathing catfish Uegitglanis zammaranoi (PlanetCatfish), the Somalian Cavefish Phreatichthys andruzzii (ScienceDaily) and the Somalian Blind Barb Barbopsis devecchii (FishBase).

Terrestrial invertebrates restricted to Somalia include the scorpions Pandinus phillipsii (flickr) and Lanzatus somalicus (flickr), an isopod crustacean Skotobaena monodi (fig. 18 on p. 6 of AToL Decapoda pdf file), a scelionid wasp Nixonia bini (Morphbank), a leaf-chafer Erigavo somalicus (Hannetons), a tiger beetle Lophyra praetermissa (ZooKeys), a ground beetle Graphipterus jubae (Carabidae of the World), and a butterfly Cesa waggae (BOLD). Endemic marine molluscs include a cone snail Conus echo (Conus Biodiversity), a murex snail Murex somalicus (Eddie Hardy), a volute Athleta rosavittoriae (Eddie Hardy), a vase snail Vasum stephanti (AMNH), an olive snail Anolaceae bozzettii (Eddie Hardy), a spindle snail Granulifusus poppei (Eddie Hardy), and the cowries Persicula rashafuni (Eddie Hardy) and Persicula testai (AMNH).

Among about 500 plant species confined to Somalia are the Somali Cyclamen (Cyclamen Soc.), the Maydi Frankincense Boswellia frereana (Tropical Herbarium of Florence), Pseudolithos migiurtinos (Cactus Art), Echidnopsis chrysantha (cactus-mall.com), Caralluma huernioides (cactus-mall.com), Aloe rigens (flickr), Aloe eminens (PlantFiles), Hildegardia gillettii (ARKive), the spurges Euphorbia phillipsioides (euphorbia.de) and Euphorbia turbiniformis (Mark Olson), Acacia manubensis (ARKive), and Acacia moggii (Tropical Herbarium of Florence). Endemic genera include Whitesloanea (flickr), Eriostylos (JSTOR), Goydera (Botanicus), Renschia (JSTOR), Polyrhabda (JSTOR), Puccionia (JSTOR), Afrotrichloris (JSTOR), Pseudozoysia (BGBM), Taeniorhachis (JSTOR), and Symphyochlamys (Tropicos).

Most of Somalia is part of the Horn of Africa biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots), while portions of the coastal waters are included in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden coral reef hotspot (Reef Guardian pdf file). Important terrestrial ecoregions include the Somali Montane Xeric Woodlands (EoE) and the Hobyo Grasslands and Shrublands (EoE). The Shebelle-Juba (FEOW) is an important freshwater ecoregion.