Sudan
Mammals
found nowhere
else include Burton’s Gerbil (NGS),
the Principal Gerbil (IUCN Red List),
the
Khartoum Dipodil (Mammal
Species of the World), Lowe's Dipodil (BHL),
and the Arid Thicket Rat (IUCN Red List).
The
Red Sea Swallow (Birding
Sudan) is known only from a single specimen found
dead near Port Sudan.
Reptiles
exclusive to Sudan include a cat snake Telescopus gezirae
(p. 5 of Tomáš
Mazuch pdf file), the Sudan Blind Snake Myriopholis (or Leptotyphlops)
dissimilis (Reptile
Database), and Wilson's Dwarf
Skink Afroablepharus
wilsoni (Reptile
Database).
An
endemic frog is Pyxicephalus
(or Rana) cordofanus (IUCN Red List).
Freshwater
fish known exclusively from Sudan include an airbreathing catfish Clarias (or Allabenchelys) engelseni (ACSI),
an elephantfish Petrocephalus
keatingii (BHL), and the recently
described Labeo
meroensis (Zootaxa
pdf file). Marine fish known only from Port Sudan include a
lizardfish Synodus
randalli (FishBase),
a garden eel Gorgasia
cotroneii (FishBase),
and a
snake eel Skythrenchelys
lentiginosa (p. 5 of Australian
Museum pdf file).
Insects
found only in Sudan include a butterfly Leptomyrina sudanica
(Markku
Savela), a rove beetle Micrillus sudanicus
(p. 41 of naturkundemuseum-bw.de
pdf file), a ground beetle Chlaenius colasi (p. 42 of Entomofauna
pdf file), an ant Monomorium hercules
(Antbase),
and a bee Systropha
martiali
(Univ.
Mons pdf file). Endemic arachnids include a jumping
spider Icius steeleae
(Salticidae
of the World), an endemic genus of wind scorpion Rhagodalma melanocephala
(solpugid.com),
and the scorpions Hottentotta
niloticus (Hottentotia)
and Compsobuthus
seicherti (František
Kovarík).
Among
the vascular plant species restricted to Sudan are Aloe sinkatana (flickr), Jatropha aceroides (Kew),
Jatropha gallabatensis
(JSTOR),
Nepeta sudanica (JSTOR),
Albizia aylmeri (JSTOR),
Albuca steudneri
(BGBM),
Plectranthus jebel-marrae
(JSTOR), Kniphofia nubigena (Kew),
Caralluma darfurensis
(IPNI),
and Gnaphalium marranum
(JSTOR).
Sudan's marine life is included in the
Red Sea and Gulf of Aden coral reef hotspot (Reef
Guardian pdf file). The East Saharan Montane Xeric
Woodlands (EoE)
and the Ethiopian Montane Forests (EoE)
are important terrestrial
ecoregions and the Upper Nile (FEOW)
is an important freshwater ecoregion.