Tanzania
Primates
found nowhere
else include the Rondo Dwarf Galago (EDGE),
the Uluguru Bushbaby (Planet'
Mammiferes),
the Zanzibar Red Colobus (ARKive),
the Udzungwa Red Colobus (ARKive),
the Sanje River Mangabey (Rufford
Small Grants),
and a recently described genus: the Kipunji Rungwecebus kipunji
(ARKive).
Other endemic mammals include Abbott's Duiker (Ultimate
Ungulate), the Pemba Flying Fox (ARKive),
Swynnerton's Bush Squirrel (Mammals
of Tanzania),
the Demon African Mole Rat (Mammals
of Tanzania), Verhagen's Brush-furred Rat (Mammals
of Tanzania), the Kilimanjaro Mouse Shrew (Mammals
of Tanzania), Howell's Forest Shrew (Mammals
of Tanzania), Phillip's Congo Shrew (Mammals
of Tanzania), and an enormous recently described elephant
shrew: the Gray-faced Sengi (ARKive).
Birds unique to Tanzania include the Usambara Eagle-owl (BirdLife
Int'l), the Pemba Scops-owl (Owl
Pages), the Gray-breasted Francolin (IBC),
the Masked Lovebird (WPT),
the Pemba Green-pigeon (ARKive),
the Uluguru Bush-shrike (BirdLife
Int'l), the Banded Sunbird (African
Bird Image Database), the Pemba Sunbird (IBC),
the Iringa Akalat (BirdLife
Int'l), the Kilombero Weaver (ARKive),
and the recently described Rubeho Warbler
(Tanzania
Bird Atlas) and Tanzanian Red-billed Hornbill (flickr).
The Udzungwa Forest-partridge (BirdLife
Int'l) is an endemic genus.
Reptiles exclusive to Tanzania include the Uluguru One-horned Chameleon
(flickr),
the Usambara Three-horned Chameleon (easternarc.org),
the Bearded Pygmy Chameleon (MTSN),
the Montane Agama (Philip
Shirk),
the Pemba Day Gecko (Phelsumania),
the Turquoise Dwarf Gecko (Nature's
Window),
Werner’s Green Tree Snake (MTSN),
the Ornate Shovelsnout Snake (Tanzaniaherps),
the Usambara Garter Snake (CalPhotos),
Matilda's Horned Viper (BBC),
and the Horned Bush Viper (CalPhotos).
Endemic genera include the Udzungwe
Mountain Bush Viper Adenorhinos
(Tanzaniaherps),
the Dagger-tooth Vine Snake Xyelodontophis
(Google
Books),
and the round-snouted worm lizards Loveridgea
(eol).
Amphibians restricted to Tanzania include the Mazumbai Warty Frog (EDGE),
Barbour's Forest Tree Frog (ARKive),
the Uluguru Banana Frog (MTSN),
the Usambara Big-fingered Frog (ARKive),
Keith's Striped Frog (ARKive),
Mette's Reed Frog (Tanzaniaherps),
the Kihanga Reed Frog (ARKive),
a running frog Kassina
jozani (Coastal
Forests pdf file), the Rocky River Frog (ARKive),
Nike's
Squeaker (ARKive),
the Uzungwe Toad (ARKive),
a caecilian Boulengerula
boulengeri (easternarc.org), and the Banded
Caecilian (AmphibiaWeb).
Endemic genera include the Kihansi Spray Toad
Nectophrynoides
(AmphibiaWeb),
a
tree toad Churamiti
(ARKive),
and
the Usambara Blue-bellied Frog Hoplophryne
(p. 21 of TBA
4 MB pdf file).
Freshwater fish known solely from Tanzania include
the killifish Nothobranchius
korthausae (ARKive)
and Nothobranchius
eggersi (FishBase),
the Lake Rukwa
Lampeye (FishBase),
the
catfishes Synodontis
rufigiensis (PlanetCatfish)
and Zaireichthys
wamiensis (ARKive),
the Olivegreen Ufipa
Barb (FishBase),
a shellear Kneria
rukwaensis (FishBase),
and
several cichlids including Pundamilia igneopinnis
(ARKive),
Neolamprologus
devosi (FishBase),
Haplochromis vonlinnei
(UBA
pdf file),
and Pseudotropheus
longior (MalawiCichlids.com).
Endemic genera include an African tetra Petersius (eol)
and the Lake Victoria cichlids Lithochromis
(Big
Sky Cichlids) and Mbipia
(Cichlid
Room Companion).
Butterflies confined to Tanzania (p. 16 of Coastal
Forests pdf file) include the Tanzanian Diadem (Magic
of Life), Papilio
ufipa (WNS Stamps),
Charaxes
usambarae (Albertine
Rift Butterflies), Acraea
punctimarginea (Dominique
Bernaud), and Euphaedra
confina (metafro).
Other endemic insects include the Amani Flatwing (ARKive),
the Golden Dancing-jewel (ARKive),
a katydid Aerotegmina
kilimandjarica (OSF),
a grasshopper Plagiotriptus
carli (ZMUC),
a longhorned beetle Olenecamptus
zanzibaricus (Harvard),
and several flower beetles: Eudicella
trilineata
(Heinz
Rothacher), Stephannorrhina
princeps (Golianthus.com),
and Conradtia
principalis (Flower
Beetles). The East Wind Gladiator Tanzaniophasma
(previously Mantophasma)
subsolana
(fig. A on p. 4 of CVE
3 MB pdf file)
is sometimes considered to be the sole member of an endemic family, the
Tanzaniophasmatidae.
Other endemic invertebrates include a baboon spider Encyocratella olivacea
(flickr),
the jumping spiders Lilliput
minutus (Salticidae
of the World) and Tomocyrba
masai (Salticidae
of the World), the millipedes Spirostreptus hamatus
(diplopoda.de)
and Crurifarcimen vagans
(p. 3 of Zootaxa
5 MB pdf file),
a land snail Gulella
amboniensis (ARKive),
a freshwater snail Potadomoides
pelseneeri (ARKive),
and the freshwater crabs Platythelphusa
immaculata
(p. 4 of Nyanza
Project pdf file) and Potamonautes
infravallatus (p. 69 of AToL
Decapoda 4 MB pdf file).
Among over 1100 vascular plant species unique to Tanzania are the
African violets Saintpaulia
goetzeana (Gesneriad
Reference Web) and Saintpaulia
shumensis (Gesneriad
Reference Web), Aloe dorotheae (Clayton
Esterson),
the orchids Polystachya
longiscapa
(IOPSE)
and Ancistrorhynchus
refractus (JSTOR),
a cycad Encephalartos
sclavoi (PACSOA),
a palm Dypsis pembana
(PACSOA),
Ecbolium tanzaniense
(Kew),
Cola
usambarensis (p. 4 of Kew
pdf file), Allanblackia
stuhlmannii (Protabase),
Impatiens
kilimanjari (flickr),
Isoglossa variegata
(Kew),
and Uvariopsis
bisexualis (IUCN
Red List). Endemic genera include Streptosiphon
(Tree
of Life), the orchids Neobenthamia
(orchid-nord.com)
and Sphyrarhynchus
(JSTOR),
Farrago (JSTOR),
Urogentias (JSTOR),
Neohemsleya (JSTOR),
Mwasumbia
(Annonaceae
of Africa), and Sanrafaelia
(Annonaceae
of Africa).
Portions of Tanzania are part of the following biodiversity hotspots:
the Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa (Biodiversity
Hotspots) and the Eastern Afromontane (Biodiversity
Hotspots). The Eastern Arc Forests (EoE)
are an exceptional terrestrial ecoregion. Important
freshwater ecoregions include Coastal East Africa (FEOW)
and the world's three richest lakes for endemic freshwater fish
species: Lake Victoria (FEOW),
Lake
Tanganyika (FEOW),
and Lake Malawi (FEOW).