Trinidad and Tobago
Birds found nowhere else include the Trinidad Piping-guan or Pawi (Pawi Study Group) and the Trinidad Motmot Momotus bahamensis (Neotropical Birds), the latter only recently recognized as distinct from the more widespread Blue-crowned Motmot.
The Trinidad Spiny Rat (IUCN Red List) is an endemic mammal.
Reptiles
confined to Trinidad and Tobago include the Luminous Lizard Proctoporus shrevei
(Mark
O'Shea), the Tobago False Coral Snake Erythrolamprus ocellatus
(Google
Books), the Gray Lora Leptophis
stimsoni (Google
Books), and the Trinidad Worm Snake Typhlops trinitatus
(Google
Books).
Amphibians unique to Trinidad and Tobago include the Yellow-throated
Frog Mannophryne
trinitatis (ARKive),
the Bloody Bay Fragrant
Frog Mannophryne olmonae
(ARKive),
the El Tucuche Golden Tree Frog Phyllodytes
auratus (ARKive),
the robber frogs Eleutherodactylus
(or Pristimantis) urichi (ARKive)
and Eleutherodactylus
(or Pristimantis)
charlottevillensis
(ARKive),
another robber frog Eleutherodactylus
(or Pristimantis)
turpinorum
(IUCN
Red List), and the Trinidad Thin-toed Frog Leptodactylus nesiotus
(Morley
Read).
Freshwater fish restricted to Trinidad and Tobago include the
Mountain Stream
Sardine Hemibrycon
taeniurus (fig. 23 at SciELO),
a guppy Poecilia
boesemani (p. 19 of UvA DARE
pdf file), the recently described Oropuche Guppy Poecilia obscura (Zootaxa
pdf file), and the catfishes Hypostomus
robinii (PlanetCatfish)
and Ancistrus
maracasae (PlanetCatfish).
A marine fish known only from Tobago is the recently described blenny Starksia greenfieldi
(eol).
Insects known solely from Trinidad and Tobago include the Trinidad
Metalmark Nymphidium
trinidadi (Butterflies
of America), Calospila
urichi (Butterflies
of America), an ant Pheidole
aripoensis (Harvard),
a longhorned beetle Piruapsis
antennatus (Smithsonian),
the tortoise beetles Cephaloleia rubra
and Cephaloleia brunnea (both on p. 5 of Bio-Nica
pdf file), a stonefly Anacroneuria isleta
(Plecoptera
Species File), and a katydid Cocconotus unicolor
(OSF).
Other endemic invertebrates include the tarantulas Psalmopoeus cambridgei
and Lasiodora trinitatis
(both at caribbeanspiders.com),
a wall crab spider Selenops
willinki (Species-ID),
a goblin spider Scaphiella
simla (AMNH),
the scorpions Microtityus
rickyi (p. 4 of UFPR
pdf file) and Tityus
trinitatis (ATS),
a freshwater crab Microthelphusa
odaelkae (figs. 3 & 4 on p. 3 of AToL
Decapoda pdf file), and a ghost shrimp Pseudobiffarius caesari
(AToL
Decapoda pdf file).
Among 59 of vascular plants (Wikipedia)
found exclusively in Trinidad and Tobago are the orchids Cochleanthes trinitatis
(Trinidad
and Tobago Orchid Soc.) and Epidendrum hombersleyi
(Trinidad
and Tobago Orchid Soc.), Begonia
mariannensis (p. 7 of TTFNC
pdf file), a bromeliad Vriesea
broadwayi (NYBG),
a gymnosperm Podocarpus
trinitensis (flickr),
Odontonema brevipes
(JSTOR),
Maytenus monticola (NYBG),
Rhynchospora aripoensis
(NYBG),
Besleria strigillosa
(Tropicos),
Mikania broadwayi (NYBG),
Clusia tocuchensis (NYBG),
Coccoloba nigrescens
(BGBM),
Eriocaulon caesium
(NYBG),
and Acalypha
grisebachiana (NYBG).
Marthella trinitatis
(BGBM)
represents an endemic genus.
Trinidad and Tobago comprise the Trinidad and Tobago Moist
Forests (EoE)
and Trinidad and Tobago Dry Forests (EoE)
terrestrial ecoregions.