Uruguay
Freshwater
fish
restricted to Uruguay include the Rocha Pearlfish Austrolebias viarius
(eol),
Nion’s Pearlfish Austrolebias
nioni (SAA),
Austrolebias
arachan (cebra.com.uy
pdf file), Austrolebias
duraznensis (killi.co.uk),
Austrolebias luzardoi
(UNLP
pdf file), Austrolebias
quirogai (killi.NET),
Austrolebias reicherti
(SciELO
Brasil), the Brown Pearlfish Megalebias
cheradophilus (eol),
a livebearer Cnesterodon
holopteros (Zootaxa
pdf file), a knifefish Gymnotus
omarorum (IISE),
a cichlid Gymnogeophagus
tiraparae (SciELO
Brasil)
and the catfishes Hisonotus
ringueleti (AMNH
Digital Library pdf file) and Pimelodus
pintado (cebra.com.uy
pdf file).
The Ashy
Pearlfish Austrolebias
cinereus (killi.org)
is known from a single temporary pool on the lower
Uruguay River basin (IUCN Red List).
Mammals
found nowhere else include two rodents: Pearson's Tuco-tuco Ctenomys pearsoni
(Última
Arca de Noé pdf file) and Cook’s
Hocicudo Oxymycterus
josei (IUCN Red
List ). Two subspecies of Pampas Deer are endemic
to Uruguay: Ozotoceros
bezoarticus arerunguaensis (Picasa)
and Ozotoceros
bezoarticus uruguayensis (Picasa).
Endemic amphibians include the San Martin Redbelly Toad Melanophryniscus sanmartini (naturkundemuseum-bw.de), the Orejas-Miranda Redbelly Toad Melanophryniscus orejasmirandai (MUNHINA)(naturkundemuseum-bw.de), and a recently described redbelly toad Melanophryniscus langonei (SciELO Brasil pdf file).
A recently described whiptail lizard Cnemidophorus charrua (ingentaconnect) may already be extinct.
Insects unique to Uruguay include the grasshoppers Orienscopia
sanmartini (OSF)
and Borellia alejomesai
(OSF),
a flower beetle Anacassis
nigroscutata (Dr.
Lech Borowiec), and several longhorned beetles: Odontocera
monnei (MNRJ),
Eryphus
tacuarembo (MNRJ),
and Ancylodonta
glabripennis (MNRJ).
Other endemic invertebrates include a tarantula Grammostola andreleetzi
(Aracmania),
a wolf spider Lycosa
carbonelli
(p. 5 of AAS
pdf file), the scorpions Bothriurus
rochensis (p. 4 of IIBCE
pdf file) and Bothriurus buecherli
(p.
10 of IIBCE
pdf file),
a land snail Bulimulus
corderoi (Femorale),
and a freshwater mussel Diplodon
peraeformis (Bishogai).
Vascular plants found solely in Uruguay include the cacti Parodia
erubescens (CactiGuide.com),
Parodia herteri (CactiGuide.com),
Parodia rutilans (Water
When Dry), Frailea
pseudopulcherrima (flickr),
Opuntia maldonadensis
(Nova
Specie Cactus), and Gymnocalycium
netrelianum (Desert
Tropicals). Other endemic plants include Calydorea nuda (Pacific
Bulb Soc.), Habranthus
estensis (Pacific
Bulb Soc.), Hippeastrum
harrisonii (Shields
Gardens), Gelasine
uruguaiensis (flickr),
Herbertia crosae (Pacific
Bulb Soc.), Grindelia orientalis
(flickr),
Mangonia uruguaya
(IAS),
Acalypha senilis (Flora
Nativa de Uruguay), an evening primrose Oenothera montevidensis
(Tropicos), Gomphrena triceps (Tropicos),
Nothoscordum ostenii (Pacific
Bulb Soc.), a grass Melica animarum (Botanicus),
Croton harmsianus
(Martius
Project), and Rumex
uruguayensis (NYBG).
The Uruguayan Savanna (EoE)
is an important terrestrial ecoregion. Freshwater ecoregions
include the Lower Uruguay (FEOW),
the Lower Parana (FEOW),
and the Laguna dos Patos (FEOW).