Vietnam

Mammals found only in Vietnam include the Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey (ARKive), Delacour's Langur (ARKive), the Hatinh Langur (EPRC), the Gray-shanked Douc Langur (ARKive), the Silver-backed Mousedeer (Google Books), Van Sung's Shrew (Isabella Kirkland), Osgood's Rat (p. 20 of AMNH Digital Library pdf file), and the recently described Fairy Tube-nosed Bat Murina tiensa (NSRL pdf file) and Cuc Phuong Ferret Badger Melogale cucphuongensis (Mongabay). Endemic genera include the Vietnam Leaf-nosed Bat (EDGE) and the recently described Daovantien’s Limestone Rat Tonkinomys daovantieni (Planet' Mammiferes).

Birds unique to Vietnam include Edward’s Pheasant (ARKive), the Vietnamese Pheasant (flickr), the Annam Partridge (Oriental Bird Images), the Gray-crowned Crocias (ARKive), the Chestnut-eared Laughingthrush (Oriental Bird Images), the Collared Laughingthrush (ARKive), the Golden-winged Laughingthrush (BirdLife Int'l), and the Vietnamese Greenfinch (Vietnam Birding). The Imperial Pheasant (IBC) is now believed to be a naturally occurring hybrid between the Vietnamese Pheasant and Edward's Pheasant. Endemic birds recently considered to be distinct species include the Pale-throated Wren Babbler (Oriental Bird Images), the White-throated Wren-babbler (Vietnam Birding), the Black-crowned Fulvetta (Oriental Bird Images), the Orange-breasted Laughingthrush (Oriental Bird Images), the Dalat Shrike-babbler (Vietnam Birding), and the Vietnamese Cutia (John Anderson).

Reptiles exclusive to Vietnam include the Marbled Gecko Gekko grossmanni (Reptilis), the Cat Ba Leopard Gecko Goniurosaurus catbaensis (Vietnam Creatures), a bent-toed gecko Cyrtodactylus eisenmani (Vietnam Creatures), a rock gecko Cnemaspis psychedelica (Guardian), the Spotted Butterfly Lizard Leiolepis guttata (Vietnam Creatures), an agamid Japalura chapaensis (Reptile Database), a water skink Tropidophorus noggei (p. 10 of Wiley pdf file), the Red River Krait Bungarus slowinskii (Vietnam Creatures), the Hon Son Pitviper Cryptelytrops honsonensis (p. 5 of WWF 5 MB pdf file), a pitviper Protobothrops trungkhanhensis (p. 8 of ZMFK pdf file), the White-lipped Keelback Amphiesma leucomystax (Green Corridor Project), the Vietnamese Pond Turtle Mauremys annamensis (ATCN), and the Southern Vietnamese Box Turtle Cuora picturata (Wikipedia). Coluberoelaps nguyenvansangi (flickr) is a recently described endemic genus of snake.

Amphibians known solely from Vietnam include the Chapa Bug-eyed Frog Theloderma bicolor (ARKive), the Bana Bubble-nest Frog Philautus banaensis (Vietnam Creatures), the Vampire Flying Frog Rhacophorus vampyrus (Australian Museum), the Warty Asian Toad Leptolalax tuberosus (ARKive), the Ngoc Linh Spiny Toad Leptobrachium ngoclinhense (Vietnam Creatures), the Tonkin Asian Frog Chaparana delacouri (Vietnam Creatures), the Ba Na Cascade Frog Rana (or Odorrana) banaorum (AMNH), a torrent frog Amolops splendissimus (Vietnam Creatures), the Tam Dao Warty Newt Paramesotriton deloustali (ARKive), and the Vietnamese Crocodile Salamander Tylototriton vietnamensis (Naturalis).

Freshwater fishes restricted to Vietnam include the Redback Paradise Fish Macropodus erythropterus (jjphoto.dk), the Toothy Blackhand Paradise Fish Polynemus bidentatus (p. 17 of WWF 7 MB pdf file), the Vietnamese Banded Sumo Loach Schistura carbonario (Loaches Online), the loaches Sinogastromyzon chapaensis (FishBase) and Sewellia albisuera (IGB pdf file), the catfishes Akysis similis (flmnh) and Pareuchiloglanis poilanei (ACSI), and the Vietnamese Cardinal Minnow Tanichthys micagemmae (FishBase). Endemic genera include Araiocypris (Species New to Science), and Parasqualidus (Raffles Museum pdf file).

Butterflies found nowhere else include Cynita stellata (Butterflies in Indo-China), Deramas cham (Butterflies in Indo-China), Delias vietnamensis (Delias of the World), and Virachola superbiens (Butterflies in Indo-China). Other endemic insects include a stag beetle Weinreichius perroti (Insect TKF), a longhorned beetle Apriona bicolor (Smithsonian), a dragonfly Merogomphus tamdaoensis (Asia Dragonfly), and a damselfly Devadatta cyanocephala (Asia Dragonfly). Other endemic invertebrates include a land snail Cyclophorus songmaensis (Femorale), the tarantulas Haplopelma schmidti (Ondrej Rehak) and Selenocosmia kovariki (sklipkani.cz), a cave-dwelling scorpion Vietbocap canhi (eol), and a freshwater crab Potamiscus cucphuongensis (Vietnam Creatures). A new fly family, the Circumphallidae (actazool.nhmus.hu pdf file), has been described based on a single individual from Ba Be National Park.

Among the orchids confined to Vietnam are Renanthera citrina (ARKive), Paphiopedilum delenatii (SlipperOrchids.info), Dendrobium ochraceum (IOPSE), Anoectochilus annamensis (BBC), and several endemic genera: Christensonia (BVN), Deceptor (Hoa Lan viet Nam), and Vietorchis (Hoa Lan viet Nam). Other endemic plants include the Golden Vietnamese Cypress (ARKive), Krempf's Pine (Rufford Small Grants), Cycas condaoensis (Cycad Pages), Amorphophallus ochroleucus (IAS), Begonia boisiana (BSPB), Ornithoboea emarginata (Vietnam Creatures), Ailanthus vietnamensis (Vietnam Creatures), Camellia cucphuongensis (botanic.jp), and Rhododendron fleuryi (Vietnam Creatures). Endemic genera include Kontumia (p. 17 of CVH pdf file), Hiepia (BVN), Distichochlamys (GingersRus), Vietnamia (Tropicos), Xantonneopsis (Vietnam Creatures), Cyclacanthus (JSTOR), Oligoceras (JSTOR), Deinostigma (JSTOR), Trungboa (JSTOR), Indosinia (JSTOR), Tirania (JSTOR), Ixodonerium (BGBM), Poilanedora (JSTOR), and Stussenia (JSTOR) .

Vietnam is included in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots). The Annamite Forests (WWF) are especially notable for endemic species. The Mekong River (WWF) has one of the world's richest freshwater faunas.