Yemen

Birds found nowhere else include the Socotra Sunbird (Hanne & Jens Eriksen), the Socotra Bunting (ARKive), the Socotra Starling (Ulf Ståhle), and the Socotra Cisticola (Ulf Ståhle). The Socotra Warbler (IBC) is an endemic genus. Sometimes recognized as distinct species are the Socotra Scops Owl Otus socotranus (Hanne & Jens Eriksen), the Socotra Buzzard Buteo socotrae (Hanne & Jens Eriksen), the Socotra Golden-winged Grosbeak Rhynchostruthus socotranus (Ulf Ståhle), the Abd al-Kuri Sparrow Passer hemileucus (Wikipedia), and the Socotra Sparrow Passer insularis (IBC).

Reptile genera unique to Yemen include the Socotran Racer Hemerophis (or Coluber) socotrae (Reptile Database), Gunther’s Racer Ditypophis vivax (Herpfolio), a gecko Haemodracon trachyrhinus (Herpfolio), a skink Hakaria simonyi (Reptile Database), and the Short Worm Lizard Pachycalamus brevis (flickr). Other endemic reptile species include the Yemen Spiny-tailed Lizard Uromastyx yemenensis (uromastyx-ocellata.de), the Socotra Chameleon Chamaeleo monachus (Ulf Ståhle), the Socotra Rock Gecko Pristurus sokotranus (Herpfolio), a leaf-toed gecko Hemidactylus pumilo (Herpfolio), a wall lizard Mesalina balfouri (Herpfolio), and the Socotra Worm Snake Typhlops socotranus (Reptile Database).

Mammals restricted to Yemen include the Black-tufted Gerbil Gerbillus famulus (Planet' Mammiferes), the recently described mouse-tailed bat Rhinopoma hadramauticum (nm.cz pdf file), and the extinct Yemen Gazelle Gazella bilkis (Colin Groves). 

Scortecci's Toad (IUCN Red List) is an endemic amphibian.

Freshwater fish exclusive to Yemen include Carasobarbus (or Barbus) exulatus (FishBase) and Garra mamshuqa (p. 4 of BiK-F pdf file). Endemic marine fish include the Socotran Snakelet Halidesmus socotraensis (FishBase), a scorpionfish Choridactylus striatus (eol), the Gold-spotted Dottyback Pseudochromis chrysospilus and the Socotra Dottyback Pseudochromis socotraensis (both at Zootaxa 7 MB pdf file).

Insects known only from Yemen include a butterfly Charaxes balfouri (drlegrain.be), an owlet moth Cerocala socotrensis (fig. 27 at Internet Archive), a damselfly Azuragrion (or Enallagma) granti (Asia Dragonfly), a scarab beetle Canudema socotrae (Hannetons), and the longhorned beetles Cantharocnemis strandi (Cerambycidae) and Nothopleurus (or Mallodon) arabicus (Cerambycidae). Other endemic invertebrates include a huntsman spider Olios socotranus (Herpfolio), a jumping spider Rafalus insignipalpis (Salticidae of the World), the Socotra Island Blue Baboon Spider Monocentropus balfouri (sklipkani.cz), a scorpion Hottentotta socotrensis (Hottentotta), a freshwater crab Socotrapotamon socotrensis (Herpfolio), and the land snails Socotora naticoides (p. 18 of Tentacle pdf file) and Riebeckia sokotorana (Socotra Archipelago).

Vascular plants living solely in Yemen include the Dragon’s Blood Tree Dracaena cinnabari (ARKive), Launaea crepoides (ARKive), the Bitter Aloe Aloe perryi (botany.cz), Begonia samhaensis (ABS), the Socotran Fig Dorstenia gigas (Bihrmann's Caudiciforms), Cissus hamaderohensis (Cal's Plant of the Week), Indigofera sokotrana (ARKive), Caralluma socotrana (flickr), Cadaba insularis (ARKive), the Desert Rose Adenium socotranum (ARKive), Boswellia elongata (ARKive), Euphorbia frankii (PlantFiles), Jatropha unicostata (Bihrmann's Caudiciforms), Exacum affine (Cal's Plant of the Week), and Echidnopsis globosa (asclepidarium.de). Endemic genera include the Cucumber Tree Dendrosicyos (ARKive), Angkalanthus (ARKive), Socotrella (ARKive), Cephalocrotonopsis (botany.cz), Duvaliandra (ARKive), Ballochia (botany.cz), Trichocalyx (Botanická zahrada Teplice), Cyanixea (Botanická zahrada Teplice), Tamridaea (JSTOR), Haya (botany.cz), Placopoda (botany.cz), and Lachnocapsa (ARKive).

Portions of Yemen are included in the Eastern Afromontane biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots), the Horn of Africa biodiversity hotspot (Biodiversity Hotspots) and.the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden coral reef hotspot (Reef Guardian pdf file). Important terrestrial ecoregions include the Socotra Island Xeric Shrublands (EoE), the Southwestern Arabian Montane Woodlands (EoE) and the Arabian Peninsula Coastal Fog Desert (EoE). For more on the remarkable endemic flora and fauna of Socotra see (Socotra Archipelago), (SCDP), and (Friends of Soqotra).