Brazil
Checklist of Endemic Vertebrate Genera
This list of vertebrate genera found exclusively in Brazil is based on the taxonomy used in Wilson & Reeder (2005) for mammals, Dickinson (2003) for birds, the EMBL Reptile Database (2005) for reptiles, Frost (2004) for amphibians, and FishBase 2004 (2004) for fishes. For further details on the sources and possible inaccuracies in the list see Sources & Caveats.
OC = a FishBase occurrence record suggests a specimen from another country outside normal stated range (these vary widely in reliability from obvious misidentifications to being almost certainly correct)
Leontopithecus 4 spp. (Mammal Primates Cebidae)
Brachyteles 2 spp. (Mammal Primates Atelidae)
Microakodontomys 1 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Cricetidae)
Noronhomys 1 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Cricetidae)
Phaenomys 1 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Cricetidae)
Thalpomys 2 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Cricetidae)
Wiedomys 1 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Cricetidae)
Chaetomys 1 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Erethizontidae)
Kerodon 2 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Caviidae)
Callistomys 1 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Echimyidae)
Phyllomys 12 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Echimyidae)
Carterodon 1 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Echimyidae)
Clyomys 2 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Echimyidae)
Lonchothrix 1 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Echimyidae)
Trinomys 11 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Echimyidae)
Cyanopsitta 1 spp. (Bird Psittacidae)
Guarouba 1 spp. (Bird Psittacidae)
Triclaria 1 spp. (Bird Psittacidae)
Ramphodon 1 spp. (Bird Trochilidae)
Anopetia 1 spp. (Bird Trochilidae)
Aphantochroa 1 spp. (Bird Trochilidae)
Clytolaema 1 spp. (Bird Trochilidae)
Augastes 2 spp. (Bird Trochilidae)
Jacamaralcyon 1 spp. (Bird Galbulidae)
Ilicura 1 spp. (Bird Pipridae)
Carpornis 2 spp. (Bird Cotingidae)
Tijuca 2 spp. (Bird Cotingidae)
Calyptura 1 spp. (Bird Incertae Sedis Cotingidae)
Stymphalornis 1 spp. (Bird Thamnophilidae)
Rhopornis 1 spp. (Bird Thamnophilidae)
Skutchia 1 spp. (Bird Thamnophilidae)
Merulaxis 2 spp. (Bird Rhinocryptidae)
Oreophylax 1 spp. (Bird Furnariidae)
Gyalophylax 1 spp. (Bird Furnariidae)
Acrobatornis 1 spp. (Bird Furnariidae)
Cichlocolaptes 1 spp. (Bird Furnariidae)
Megaxenops 1 spp. (Bird Furnariidae)
Orchesticus 1 spp. (Bird Thraupidae)
Compsothraupis 1 spp. (Bird Thraupidae)
Orthogonys 1 spp. (Bird Thraupidae)
Aulura 1 spp. (Reptile Squamata Amphisbaena Amphisbaenidae)
Bronia 3 spp. (Reptile Squamata Amphisbaena Amphisbaenidae)
Bogertia 1 spp. (Reptile Squamata Sauria Gekkonidae)
Briba 1 spp. (Reptile Squamata Sauria Gekkonidae)
Gymnodactylus 3 spp. (Reptile Squamata Sauria Gekkonidae)
Amapasaurus 1 spp. (Reptile Squamata Sauria Gymnophthalmidae)
Anotosaura 2 spp. (Reptile Squamata Sauria Gymnophthalmidae)
Arthroseps 2 spp. (Reptile Squamata Sauria Gymnophthalmidae)
Calyptommatus 4 spp. (Reptile Squamata Sauria Gymnophthalmidae)
Colobodactylus 2 spp. (Reptile Squamata Sauria Gymnophthalmidae)
Colobosauroides 2 spp. (Reptile Squamata Sauria Gymnophthalmidae)
Ecpleopus 1 spp. (Reptile Squamata Sauria Gymnophthalmidae)
Heterodactylus 2 spp. (Reptile Squamata Sauria Gymnophthalmidae)
Nothobachia 1 spp. (Reptile Squamata Sauria Gymnophthalmidae)
Placosoma 3 spp. (Reptile Squamata Sauria Gymnophthalmidae)
Procellosaurinus 2 spp. (Reptile Squamata Sauria Gymnophthalmidae)
Psilophthalmus 1 spp. (Reptile Squamata Sauria Gymnophthalmidae)
Stenolepis 1 spp. (Reptile Squamata Sauria Gymnophthalmidae)
Boiruna 1 spp. (Reptile Squamata Serpentes Colubridae)
Ditaxodon 1 spp. (Reptile Squamata Serpentes Colubridae)
Gomesophis 1 spp. (Reptile Squamata Serpentes Colubridae)
Lioheterophis 1 spp. (Reptile Squamata Serpentes Colubridae)
Ptychophis 1 spp. (Reptile Squamata Serpentes Colubridae)
Sordellina 1 spp. (Reptile Squamata Serpentes Colubridae)
Tropidodryas 2 spp. (Reptile Squamata Serpentes Colubridae)
Uromacerina 1 spp. (Reptile Squamata Serpentes Colubridae)
Brachycephalus 6 spp. (Amphibian Anura Brachycephalidae)
Frostius 1 spp. (Amphibian Anura Bufonidae)
Corythomantis 1 spp. (Amphibian Anura Hylidae)
Hylomantis 2 spp. (Amphibian Anura Hylidae)
Phasmahyla 4 spp. (Amphibian Anura Hylidae)
Phrynomedusa 5 spp. (Amphibian Anura Hylidae)
Xenohyla 2 spp. (Amphibian Anura Hylidae)
Crossodactylodes 3 spp. (Amphibian Anura Leptodactylidae)
Cycloramphus 26 spp. (Amphibian Anura Leptodactylidae)
Euparkerella 2 spp. (Amphibian Anura Leptodactylidae)
Holoaden 2 spp. (Amphibian Anura Leptodactylidae)
Hylodes 20 spp. (Amphibian Anura Leptodactylidae)
Macrogenioglottus 1 spp. (Amphibian Anura Leptodactylidae)
Megaelosia 6 spp. (Amphibian Anura Leptodactylidae)
Paratelmatobius 6 spp. (Amphibian Anura Leptodactylidae)
Phyzelaphryne 1 spp. (Amphibian Anura Leptodactylidae)
Rupirana 1 spp. (Amphibian Anura Leptodactylidae)
Scythroprys 1 spp. (Amphibian Anura Leptodactylidae)
Thoropa 5 spp. (Amphibian Anura Leptodactylidae)
Zachaenus 2 spp. (Amphibian Anura Leptodactylidae)
Arcovomer 1 spp. (Amphibian Anura Microhylidae)
Dasypops 1 spp. (Amphibian Anura Microhylidae)
Hyophryne 1 spp. (Amphibian Anura Microhylidae)
Myersiella 1 spp. (Amphibian Anura Microhylidae)
Stereocyclops 2 spp. (Amphibian Anura Microhylidae)
Atretochoana 1 spp. (Amphibian Gymnophiona Caeciliidae)
Brasilotyphlus 1 spp. (Amphibian Gymnophiona Caeciliidae)
Mimosiphonops 2 spp. (Amphibian Gymnophiona Caeciliidae)
Pnictes 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Achiridae)
Sartor 3 spp. (Freshwater Fish Anostomidae)
Magosternarchus 2 spp. (Freshwater Fish Apteronotidae)
Orthosternarchus OC 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Apteronotidae)
Micromyzon 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Aspredinidae)
Pseudotatia 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Auchenipteridae)
Tocantinsia 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Auchenipteridae)
Potamobatrachus 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Batrachoididae)
Aspidoras 18 spp. (Freshwater Fish Callichthyidae)
Acinocheirodon 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Aphyocheirodon 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Atopomesus OC 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Bryconexodon 2 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Caiapobrycon 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Deuterodon OC 10 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Glandulocauda 2 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Henochilus 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Hollandichthys 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Hoplocharax 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Hysteronotus 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Inpaichthys 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Kolpotocheirodon 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Leptobrycon 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Lignobrycon 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Microschemobrycon OC 6 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Nematocharax 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Odontostoechus 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Oligobrycon 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Orthospinus 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Ossubtus 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Planaltina 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Probolodus 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Psalidodon 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Rhinobrycon OC 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Rhinopetitia 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Spintherobolus 4 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Stichonodon OC 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Stygichthys 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Thrissobrycon OC 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Tucanoichthys 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Franciscodoras 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Doradidae)
Wertheimeria 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Doradidae)
Amazonsprattus 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Engraulidae)
Micromischodus OC 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Hemiodontidae)
Acentronichthys 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Heptapteridae)
Rhamdioglanis 2 spp. (Freshwater Fish Heptapteridae)
Rhamdiopsis 2 spp. (Freshwater Fish Heptapteridae)
Baryancistrus 2 spp. (Freshwater Fish Loricariidae)
Corumbataia 2 spp. (Freshwater Fish Loricariidae)
Delturus 3 spp. (Freshwater Fish Loricariidae)
Eurycheilichthys 2 spp. (Freshwater Fish Loricariidae)
Furcodontichthys OC 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Loricariidae)
Hopliancistrus 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Loricariidae)
Isbrueckerichthys 3 spp. (Freshwater Fish Loricariidae)
Kronichthys 3 spp. (Freshwater Fish Loricariidae)
Microlepidogaster OC 2 spp. (Freshwater Fish Loricariidae)
Oligancistrus 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Loricariidae)
Otothyris 4 spp. (Freshwater Fish Loricariidae)
Pareiorhina 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Loricariidae)
Pogonopoma 3 spp. (Freshwater Fish Loricariidae)
Pseudoloricaria OC 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Loricariidae)
Pseudotocinclus 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Loricariidae)
Pseudotothyris 2 spp. (Freshwater Fish Loricariidae)
Pyxiloricaria 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Loricariidae)
Reganella 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Loricariidae)
Schizolecis 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Loricariidae)
Scobinancistrus 2 spp. (Freshwater Fish Loricariidae)
Spectracanthicus 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Loricariidae)
Bagropsis 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Pimelodidae)
Conorynchus 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Pimelodidae)
Lophiosilurus 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Pseudopimelodidae)
Cynolebias 12 spp. (Freshwater Fish Rivulidae)
Maratecoara 2 spp. (Freshwater Fish Rivulidae)
Nematolebias 2 spp. (Freshwater Fish Rivulidae)
Plesiolebias 4 spp. (Freshwater Fish Rivulidae)
Spectrolebias 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Rivulidae)
Copionodon 3 spp. (Freshwater Fish Trichomycteridae)
Glaphyropoma 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Trichomycteridae)
Miuroglanis 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Trichomycteridae)
Pareiodon OC 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Trichomycteridae)
Pygidianops 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Trichomycteridae)
Sarcoglanis 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Trichomycteridae)
Stauroglanis 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Trichomycteridae)
Trichogenes 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Trichomycteridae)
Tridens OC 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Trichomycteridae)
Typhlobelus 2 spp. (Freshwater Fish Trichomycteridae)
Brittanichthys OC 2 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Coptobrycon 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Hasemania 5 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Rachoviscus 2 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae)
Taeniacara 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Cichlidae)
Teleocichla 7 spp. (Freshwater Fish Cichlidae)
Kalyptodoras 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Doradidae)
Phreatobius 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Heptapteridae)
Taunayia 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Heptapteridae)
Stegostenopos 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Hypopomidae)
Epactionotus 3 spp. (Freshwater Fish Loricariidae)
Hemipsilichthys 19 spp. (Freshwater Fish Loricariidae)
Campellolebias 3 spp. (Freshwater Fish Rivulidae)
Leptolebias 9 spp. (Freshwater Fish Rivulidae)
Pituna 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Rivulidae)
Stenolebias 2 spp. (Freshwater Fish Rivulidae)
Listrura 3 spp. (Freshwater Fish Trichomycteridae)
Microcambeva 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Trichomycteridae)
Storrsia 1 spp. (Marine Fish Dactyloscopidae)
Akko 1 spp. (Marine Fish Gobiidae)
Asarcenchelys 1 spp. (Marine Fish Ophichthidae)
Additional vertebrate genera described or recognized too recently to be included in the sources listed above include the following:
Xeronycteris 1 spp. (Mammal Chiroptera Phyllostomidae) 2005
Toromys 1 spp. (Mammal Rodentia Echimyidae) 2005
Alexandresaurus 1 spp. (Reptile Squamata Sauria Gymnophthalmidae) 2007
Haddadus 2 spp. (Amphibian Anura Craugastoridae) 2008
Phyzelaphryne 1 spp. (Amphibian Anura Eleutherodactylidae)
Bokermannohyla 27 spp. (Amphibian Anura Hylidae) 2005
Amazonspinther 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae) 2008
Bryconadenos 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae) 2005
Lophiobrycon 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae) 2003
Myxiops 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Characidae) 2004
Merodoras 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Doradidae) 2007
Gymnotocinclus 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Loricariidae) 2008
Otothyropsis 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Loricariidae) 2005
Zungaropsis 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Pimelodidae)
Notholebias 3 spp. (Freshwater Fish Rivulidae) 2008
Prorivulus 1 spp. (Freshwater Fish Rivulidae) 2004
Leucogrammolycus 1 spp. (Marine Fish Zoarcidae) 2008